1867.] BOYD 1>AWKI2?S KHIXOCEROS LEPTORHINUS. 225 



and to the Preglacial Porest-bed on the Korfolk Coast. The fauna, 

 indeed, of the former is more Preglacial than Postglacial in character, 

 and differs from that of any other British river- deposit. The discus- 

 sion of the Etruscan species we must reserve for a future essay. The 

 range of the fourth, or H. leptorhinus of Professor Owen, is Avorthy 

 of a most careful analysis, because of a current idea that it charac- 

 terizes an epoch anterior to that of the Mammoth and tichorhine 

 Ehinoceros. In the caverns of Gower*, ably described by Dr. 

 Falconer, it is mentioned (under the name of B. hemitoechus) as 

 being found in Minchin and Boscoe's Holes in association withE'ZgpA-as 

 antiquus, which latter species is particularly abundant in the Plio- 

 cene deposits of Italy, and in Preglacial British deposits. In Kirk- 

 dale Cavern, again, it occurred in association with Elephas antiquus 

 and Hippopotamus major ; and in the cave on Durdham Down the 

 same three species were found associated by Mr. Stutchbury. Are 

 we, then, to infer the Pleistocene deposits in which Rhinoceros 

 leptorhinus occurs to be of higher antiquity than those from which 

 it is absent ? The evidence afforded by the associatio7i of organic 

 remains in other localities seems to me incompatible with any such 

 view. In the brick-earth at Ilford, for example, it is found in 

 association with 



Felis spelaea. 

 Canis lupus. 

 Ursus spelasus. 

 Bos primigenius. 

 Bison priscus. 

 Cervus elaphus. 



Elephas antiquus, 



primigenius. 



Equus fossilis. 

 Rhinoceros megarhinus. 

 Castor Europgeus. 

 Arvicola amphibia. 



Prom the Hyaena-den of Wokey Hole I have also obtained the 

 leptorhiue Rhinoceros under circumstances that do not admit of 

 doubt as to its being of the same relative age as the other animals 



Canis lupus 



vulpes. 



Meles taxus. 

 CerYus elaphus. 



• tarandus. 



Elephas primigenius. 

 Equus fossilis. 

 Ehinoceros tichorhinus. 



found in the cave. It was associated with 



Homo. 

 Eelis spelasa. 

 Hyeena spelasa. 

 Ursus speleeus. 



arctos. 



Bison priscus. 



Bos ? 



Megaceros Hibernicus. 



In both these cases it is found side by side with nearly the whole 

 of the species which characterize the British Pleistocene period — 

 Elephas primigenius, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, the spelaean Bear, Lion, 

 and Hyaena. In the first, the leptorhine carcasses were borne down 

 by the floods along with those of the other animals, and covered up 

 by the silt or brick-earth which those floods deposited at IKord. In 

 the second, a young individual of the species happened to fall a prey 

 to the Hyaenas of "Wokey Hole, and its remains have been preserved 

 along with those of the other victims of different species that lived 

 in the same Geological Epoch. A third instance of its occurrence, 



^ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xvi. p. 489. 



