1867.] DAWSON CAEBONIPEBOFS PULMONATUM. 331 



coal no. 37 *, or nearly in the middle of the band of reddish and 

 grey sandstones and shales intervening between coals no. 37 and 

 no. 38. Its immediate associations are as follows, in descending 

 order : — 



ft. in. 



Hard reddish shale with ironstone nodules 4 



Pupa-bed, a variable layer, in some places of grey 

 indurated clay, with a tendency to concretionary 

 structure, in other parts laminated and carbo- 

 naceous with remains of plants 3 



Shale, mottled, arenaceous 8 



Sandstone, hard calcareous, light chocolate, wea- 

 thering rusty 1 



Shale, chocolate and mottled 2 8 



Grey sandstone 6 



Shale, chocolate and mottled 5 



14 1 



In digging into the bed, I found that the shells of Pujpa are irre- 

 gularly disposed in nests, and are in some spots very abundant, 

 especially in the argillaceous and nodular parts, while in other 

 places, and especially in the more carbonaceous portions, none were 

 found. In the last-mentioned parts of the bed, there are numerous 

 obscure vegetable remains, especially leaves of Cordaites, leaflets of 

 Sjphenopteris, and Trigonocarpa, apparently of the same species {T. 

 sigillaricB) found with Pupas in the original repository in the erect 

 Sigillariae. The appearances were such as to confirm the impression, 

 stated in a previous paper, that the land-shells were drifted along 

 with vegetable matter by some quiet stream, and deposited on the 

 muddy bottom of shallow water. 



One object in excavating the bed was to ascertain if any other 

 species of land-animal than Pupa vetusta could be obtained from it ; 

 and in the first instance the result appeared purely negative, except 

 in the presence of minute fragments of bone, and of what might have 

 been the chitinous integument of insects. On a more careful ex- 

 amination of the large quantity of fragments of Papa obtained, I 

 was able to select a few small specimens, all of them more or less 

 crushed, which seemed to differ materially from the young of Pujm 

 vetusta in form and surface -markings. On submitting these to Dr. 

 Philip P. Carpenter he at once recognized their distinctness from 

 Papa vetusta, and has kindly furnished me with the following de- 

 scription and note on the affinities of the species. 



Zonites {Conulus) priscus, Cpr. 



" C. t. parva, tenuissima, parum elevata ; nucleo minimo ; an- 

 fractibus iv., subplanatis, omnino tenuissime rugoso-striolatis, in- 

 terdnm rugulis incrementi magis conspicuis, suturis parum impressis; 

 circa peripheriam angustata, vix subangulata ; basi concava, ut 



^ Incorrectly stated as 12 feet in the paper last mentioned. 

 VOL. XXIII. PART I. 2 A 



