420 PItOCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



this is overlain by " Old Gravel " consisting of sand, rolled granite 

 in balls, angular fragments of many varieties of granite, rolled schorl, 

 fragments of veins of schorl, and coarse granitoid rocks, but contain- 

 ing no Carboniferous rock, nor elvan of the character that will be 

 mentioned hereafter. Overlying this bed and near the top of the 

 hill there is a gravel composed for the most part of angular frag- 

 ments of Carboniferous rock, and a smaller proportion of a hard light 

 elvan : no granite of any description was found in this upper gravel ; 

 but rolled blocks of granite, some of large size, lie over it, and cover 

 the hiU-side. The construction of the ISTewton and Moreton Hamp- 

 stead Railway has exposed many sections ; these are through granite 

 as far as Rudge, near Lustleigh, where the Carboniferous beds crop 

 out, traversed by veins of a light- coloured speckled elvan ; and simi- 

 lar veins occur lower down at Knowle. An elvan similar to this is 

 found in the gravels that will be noticed as occurring to the south 

 of this point, but I have not seen it to the north. The first point on 

 the Carboniferous rocks at which the gravels are noticed is Yeo 

 cutting ; this is through hard Carboniferous rock crossed by a dyke of 

 greenstone, and the beds are overlain by a gravel composed of elvan 

 and small fragments of granite and Carboniferous rocks. Yeo Bridge 

 cutting is through the Carboniferous beds, which are overlain by a 

 similar gravel 4 feet in thickness, covered by a bed about 25 feet in 

 thickness formed of soil, small angular fragments of Carboniferous 

 rock, and a very small proportion of granite, but not containing any 

 fragments of elvan. The Hole's Wood cuttings, Nos. 10, 9, and 7, 

 are very similar. In No. 9 the cutting is through the Carboniferous 

 rocks, which are overlain by gravel composed for the most part of 

 angular fragments of Carboniferous rocks ; a considerable part of the 

 remainder consists of fragments of light-coloured elvan, and a small 

 portion of rolled granite. In these three cuttings large masses of the 

 elvan, rounded at the angles, he at the base of the gravel on the 

 Carboniferous rock : one block, in cutting No. 7, measured 4 ft. 8 in. 

 long, 3 ft. wide, and 4 ft. thick ; and on this point these three cut- 

 tings differ from the Yeo sections. This gravel is covered by a 

 contour- gravel composed mostly of fragments of angular Carbonife- 

 rous rocks and granite. At No. 8 cutting the gravel is different 

 from that at 7 and 9 cuttings ; it lies upon the Carboniferous rocks, 

 and is composed of a small proportion of elvan and Carboniferous 

 rocks, both in small fragments, felspar in various stages of decay, 

 down to kaolin, schorl, rolled quartz pebbles (occasionally of large 

 size), black siliceous stones, and rolled stones formed of a conglome- 

 rate-breccia composed of angular and rolled quartz, schorl, felspar, 

 and rolled and angular Carboniferous rock, all in small fragments. 

 The contents of this breccia vary both in their size and relative pro- 

 portion ; they are occasionally cemented together by an ochreous 

 matter, and lime has not been detected. This breccia has not been 

 seen at any other place along the line, but has been found in detached 

 blocks between the hne and Plumley, near a spot at which occasion- 

 ally large flints are dug up (Plumley is on the granite). At the 

 northerly end of this cutting, facing up the valley towards the north- 



