ANTHOZOA. 49 



Family Cyathophyllidae 

 Genus Cyathophyllum Goldfuss 



Cyathophyllum halli (Edwards and Haime) 



Plate 1, figure 1. 



1843. Strombodes helianthoides? Hall, Geol. of New York, pt. IV, p. 209, fig. 3. 

 1851. Heliophyllum Halli Milne-Edwards and Haime, Polyp. Foss. des Terr. Palaeoz., 



p. 408, pi. 7, figs. 6, 6a, 6b. 

 1853. Heliophyllum Halli Milne-Edwards and Haime, Brit. Foss. Corals, p. 235, pi. LI, 



fig. 3. 

 1859. Heliophyllum Eriense, H. Cayugaense, H. Canadense, H. Halli Billings, Canadian 



Journal, new series, vol. IV, pp. 124-126. 



1873. Heliophyllum Colbornense Nicholson, Canadian Naturalist, new series, vol. VII, 

 p. 143. 



1874. Heliophyllum Colbornense Nicholson, Palaeon. of Ont., p. 25, pi. V, fig. 4. 

 1874. Heliophyllum proliferum Nicholson, Geological Magazine, new series, vol. I, 



p. 59. 

 1874. Heliophyllum proliferum Nicholson, Palaeon. of Ont., p. 27. 

 1876. Cyathophyllum Halli Rominger, Geol. Sur. Mich., Foss. Corals, p. 98, pi. XXXV. 

 1876. Heliophyllum Halli, H. proliferum Hall, Illus. Dev. Foss., pi. XXIII, figs. 1-5, 



12, and pi. XXV, figs. 1-7, and pi. XXVI, figs. 1, 2, 5. 

 1883. Heliophyllum halli Hall, 12th. Ann. Rept., Indiana Dept. Geol. Nat. Hist., 



p. 259, pi. 6, fig. 1. 

 1885. Cyathophyllum halli Davis, Kentucky Fossil Corals, pi. 77, 92, figs. 2-3. 

 1899. Cyathophyllum halli Lambe, Cont. to Canadian Pal., vol. IV, pt. 1, p. 148. 

 1909. Heliophyllum halli Grabau and Shimer, North American Index Fossils, I, p. 68, 



fig. 102. • 



1911. Heliophyllum halli Cleland, Bull. 21, Wisconsin Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv., p. 28, 



pi. 1, fig. 5. 

 Lambe' s description — "Corrallum simple or by prolific budding becoming aggregate, 

 broadly or narrowly turbinate, conico-cylindrical or cylindrical, with many variations 

 of these forms, straight, curved, twisted, or geniculated, frequently contracted above, 

 generally exhibiting numerous annular constrictions and swellings, base small, pointed, 

 the epitheca marked by numerous parallel rings of growth and striated longitudinally 

 by distinct linear septal furrows or depressions; attaining a diameter of over 10 cent, 

 and a length of about 30 cent. Increase by lateral calicinal gemmation, sometimes as 

 many as eight or nine buds springing simultaneously in a circle from the sides of the 

 calyx. Calyx with numerous modifications in shape, in the short coralla, generally 

 rather shallow with broadly expanding, more or less reflexed margins, more inclined 

 to become deep with steep sides in the elongate forms, the sides radially ribbed by the 

 free denticulated edges of the septa that converge toward ;he bottom of the cup, where 

 the longer ones either meet with straight or twisted ends, at times uniting to form a low 

 boss, or falling short of the centre leave exposed a smooth surface formed by the upper 

 tabulum. A narrow septal fossette is present in the cup. Septa of two orders, primaries 

 and secondaries, the former passing to or almost to the centre, the latter reaching a little 

 past half way, strongly carinated on their side faces, the carinae curving upward and 

 inward from the wall, each corresponding pair forming, by their union on the free edges 

 of the septa in the cup, a prominent tooth-like projection or short transverse rib: near 

 the margin of the cup the difference in size between the primaries and secondaries is 

 generally not recognizable. The distance apart of the carinae from each other is sub- 

 ject to considerable variation in different specimens and to a small extent in the same 

 individuals, from four to twelve occurring in the space of 5 mm. The septa number 

 from about sixty-eight to one hundred in specimens having a diameter of from 4 to 6 



