BRACHIOPODA. 101 



1883. Spirifer parryana Hall, Second Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Geol., pi. 52, figs. 8, 9. 



1883. Spiriftra capax Hall, Second Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Geol., pi. 52, figs. 15-17. 



1884. Spirifera Parryana Walcott, Mon. U. S. Geol. Surv. VIII, p. 137, pi. 14, fig. 10. 

 1888. Spirifera parryana Calvin, Bull. Lab. State Univ. Iowa, p. 19. 



1894. Spirifer Parryanus Hall and Clarke, Pal. New York, VIII, pt. 2, pp. 29, 31, 39, 



pi. 22, figs. 8, 9, 15-17. 

 1894. Spiriftra parryana Keyes, Geol. Surv. Missouri, V, p. 77, pi. 40, fig. 4. 

 1897. Spirifer euryteines Schuchert, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., 87, p. 389. 

 1909. Spirifer euryteines Greger, Am. Jour. Sci., XXVII, p. 377. 

 1909. Spirifer euryieines Grabau and Shimer, North American Index Fossils, I, pp. 



326-327. 

 1911. Spirifer euryteines var. milwaukeensis Cleland, Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. Hist. 

 Surv.; Bull. 21, pp. 77-78, pi. XV, figs. 1-6. 



Owen's description — "Shell nearly semi-elliptical; cardinal area very wide, slightly 

 concave and finely striated; narrow perforation; beaks sometimes more than half an 

 inch apart, smooth, with eighteen to twenty ribs on either side of the bourrelet, finely 

 striated longitudinally, sometimes studded with small granulae, bourrelet rather narrow 

 with a shallow sinus in the median line, finely striated, and crossed by fine concentric 

 lines of growth, and sometimes by fine granulae. Sinus of the dorsal valve also some- 

 times finely granulated. Length, one inch, breadth one and a half inches." 



Revised description — Shell large, nearly twice as wide as long, greatest width along 

 the hingeline; dimension of an average sized pedicle valve, length 25 mm., width 40 mm., 

 convexity 14 mm. Dimensions of average brachial valve, length 21 mm., breadth 40 

 mm., convexity 10 mm. Thirty-one specimens of 220 measured were more than 50 

 mm. along the hingeline. The largest specimen in a collection of more than 300 is 70 

 mm. along the hingeline, the longest pedicle valve is 43 mm., the longest brachial valve 

 is 35 mm. 



Pedicle valve with greatest convexity near the middle; beak acute, projecting 

 slightly beyond the'hingeline; cardinal area high and wide, average height about 8 

 mm., greatest height observed 35 mm. Each lateral slope marked by about 15 to 25 

 rounded plications. Mesial sinus shallow, broad near the front. 



Brachial valve about half as convex as the pedicle; greatest convexity near the 

 front. Fold low, well defined, broad near the front. 



The most characteristic structure of this Spirifer is fine radial lines which cov6r 

 plications, fold, sinus, and cardinal area. On perfectly preserved specimens minute 

 granules appear along the lines. 



Occurrence — Abundant near the top of the Snyder Creek shale in Callaway and 

 Montgomery Counties, rare in the Callaway limestone of Montgomery, Callaway and 

 Boone Counties, rare in the Mineola of Ralls and Warren Counties. 



Spirifer subvaricosus Hall and Whitfield 

 Plate 20, figures 6 and 7 ; plate 24, figur ; 13 



1873. Spirifera subvaricosa Hall and Whitfield, 23rd Ann. Rept. New York State 



Cabinet of Nat. Hist., p. 237, pi. 11, figs. 12-15. 

 1897. Spirifer subvaricosus Schuchert, U. S. G. S. Bull. 87, p. 406. 

 1911. Spirifer subvaricosus Cleland, Bull. 21, Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist., pp. 81-82, pi. 16 



figs. 6-11. 

 Hall and Whitfield's description — "Shell small, seldom more than five-eighths of 

 an inch on the hingeline. Valves highly convex, the ventral somewhat gibbous, with 

 an incurved cardinal area of moderate height, divided by a triangular foramen which is 

 higher than wide; cardinal angles slightly rounded, plications subangular, eight to ten 

 on each side of the ventral valve, with one moderately strong in the bottom of the 

 sinus not always extending to the apex; on the dorsal valve this mesial fold consists of 

 two strong equal plications with a deep angular groove between. Surface marked by 



