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INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY PUBLICATION NO. 13 



conquered pueblo lay considerably farther north 

 and is to be identified with a now extinct Huaste- 

 can settlement (map 15, No. 40). 40 



Skirmishes so close to Papantla must have had 

 reverberations in northern Totonacapan, yet there 

 is no mention of the conquest of any Totonac 

 pueblo. 



TIZOC (1481-86) » 



Following the death of Axayacatl, the brief rule 

 of Tizoc ensued. As usual, with the change of 

 rulers, a new military campaign was contem- 

 plated ; some wished to attack Michoacan ; others 

 suggested "the coasts of Cotaxtla," apparently 

 once more in open revolt (Tezozomoc, p. 249). 

 Reputed Texcocan conquests during the first year 

 of the reign of Tizoc probably refer to the quash- 

 ing of this rebellion by the Triple Alliance. 51 



As a military leader, Tizoc was not conspicu- 

 ously successful. Sahagun (2:280) states flatly 

 that no wars took place during his regime, but a 

 respectable list of conquests is attributed to him 

 by other sources (Codice Chimalpopoca, Anales de 

 Tlatelolco, Coleccion de Mendoza). So few of 



49 During the sixteenth century, there appear to have been 

 two settlements on the Totonacapan-Huastecan border with very 

 similar names : 



a. "Tenuxtepeque." an estancia of Papantla, held in encomienda, 

 in the midsixteenth century, by Andres de Tapia (Suma, No. 

 449). This, we believe, has survived in modern Tenixtepec, on 

 the coast, just southeast of Papantla, and within the present 

 municipal unit of the latter name. 



h. "Temyztiquipac," "Tenexticpac," "Tenestequipaque" or 

 "Tenesquipaque," a cabevera held by Juan de Villag6mez (Icaza, 

 No. 411 : Doctrinas, p. 219 ; Epistolario 9 : 31 ; Garcia Pimentel, 

 1904, p. 179). 



During the sixteenth century, this pueblo spoke both Mexicano 

 and Huasteco (Doctrinas, p. 219). It no longer exists, but it 

 must have been situated well to the north of Papantla, for it was 

 bounded by Tamiahua (Suma, No. 530) and "Tzicoac" (Chicon- 

 tepec; see footnote 33, p. 267) (Suma, No. 135). Moreover, since 

 part of its tribute was paid in fish, the pueblo must have been 

 either on the coast or near a river (Epistolario 9:31). We have 

 located it (map 15, No. 40) near the coast, in a line between 

 Tamiahua and Chicontepec, since the holdings of Villag6mez are 

 said to have been in this zone (Epistolario 14: 75). 



Obviously, both speech and location identify this extinct 

 pueblo as Huastecan ; presumably it, and not Tenixtepec, of 

 Papantla, was that conquered by Axayacatl. However, Barlow 

 (1917 a, map 4), identifies the conquest with the Papantla 

 Tenixtepec, hence his map indicates penetration of northern 

 Totonacapan. Cook and Simpson (p. 203 and No. 549 of map) 

 also have made the same identification, which we believe to be 

 erroneous. 



10 The Colecci6n de Mendoza (5 : 47-49) gives the above dates ; 

 other sources start the reign in 1482 and 1483, and end it in 

 1485. 



: '' The C6dice en Cruz (pp. 67, 146) indicates that Netzahual- 

 pilli, of Texcoco, conquered Orizaba in 1481 ; and Ixtlilxochitl 

 (2 : 262-263) attributes the conquest of Orizaba, Totutla. 

 Oxtotipan, and "other provinces of the Gulf" to him in this 

 year. 



these are dated that no table has been prepared ; 

 the dates we have are mentioned in the text. 



The activities of Tizoc evidently were widely 

 scattered (map 16), and some of his conquests are 

 not identifiable (footnotes to map 16). How- 

 ever, he seems to have been moderately active west 

 of the Valley of Mexico. He reconquered Toluca 

 (map 16, No. 21) (Coleccion de Mendoza 5:47) 

 and, in the year 5 iiavajas [tecpatl], or 1484, 52 sup- 

 pressed a rebellion in Zinacantepec (map 16, No. 

 24) (Codex Telleriano-Remensis 5:152). "Qi- 

 llan, Matlatzinco, Mac^atepec," or "Mazauacan" 

 (Codice Chimalpopoca, p. 67; Anales de Tlate- 

 lolco, p. 17) all refer to campaigns in the Toluca 

 zone. Under the circumstances, it seems likely 

 that the Tlacotepec (map 16, No. 25) conquered 

 by Tizoc (Torquemada 1: 182) was the pueblo of 

 that name near Toluca — the same Tlacotepec con- 

 quered previously by Axayacatl (Torquemada 

 1 : 182), and not one of the better-known pueblos 

 of that name (of which there is one in Puebla, one 

 in Oaxaca, and another in Guerrero). 



In part, the efforts of Tizoc were expended on 

 war with Metztitlan (map 16, No. 26) and the 

 adjacent Huasteca. Dibble (Codice en Cruz, p. 

 65) places this campaign early in the reign (2 

 calli [1481]). The Metztitlan hostilities are of 

 some interest to us because the Huastec, immediate 

 neighbors of the Totonac, fought against the 

 Triple Alliance (Tezozomoc, p. 251) . 53 They 

 were more directly involved in the conquest of 

 Tlatlacxoquico (map 16, No. 18), in what must 

 have been the reconquest of Mequetla (map 16, No. 

 10), Temapache (No. 9), and "Occentepetl" (No. 

 17). Again, these skirmishes in the Huasteca 

 should have been felt in adjacent Totonacapan, yet 

 there is no indication of the conquest of the latter. 

 As far as we can tell, Papantla and the surround- 

 ing Totonac settlements still were independent of 

 Mexican rule. 



AHUIZOTL (1486-1502) M 



In 1486, Tizoc died and was succeeded by Ahui- 

 zotl. Under him, the Triple Alliance not only 



" In this same year, Tizoc subdued the rebellious "Chic- 

 pantlaca" (Anales de Tlatelolco, p. 59). 



a By the end of the sixteenth century, "Tzicoac" and Metz- 

 titlan were not allies, but traditional enemies (Kolacifin de 

 Metztitlan). 



54 The Colecci6n de Mendoza (5:49-51) gives the above dates. 

 According to Anales de Tlatelolco (p. 17), Ahuizotl was not in- 

 stalled as ruler until 2 years after the death of hia predecessor. 

 The Codice Chimalpopoca (p. 59) has him rule until 1503. 



