THE TAJIN TOTONAC PART 1 — KELLY AND PALERM 



309 



Legend to map 17 — Continued 



' In all the cases to which footnote 1 applies, the Codice Chimalpopoca uses 

 the expression, "they were destroyed"; this we have interpreted as destruc- 

 tion through conquest. 



With the sole exception of the "Mictlanquauhtlatlaca" (No. 4), these con- 

 quests are confirmed elsewhere in the same source (p. 67), as well as by other 

 data: 



Cuautenango: Anales de Tlatelolco, Coleccion de Mendoza, Codex Tellena- 

 no-Remensis, Torquemada. 



Tlapa: Coleccion de Mendoza, Torquemada, Ixtlilxochitl. 



Chicontepec: Coleccion de Mendoza, Torquemada, Tezozomoc. 



Chapa de Mota: Coleccion de Mendoza, Codex Telleriano-Remensis, 

 Tezozomoc. 



Jico: Anales de Tlatelolco, Coleccion de Mendoza, Codex Telleriano- 

 Remensis. 



Cuicatlan: Anales de Tlatelolco, Coleccion de Mendoza. 



Jaltepec: Anales de Tlatelolco, Coleccion de Mendoza, Torquemada, 

 Ixtlilxochitl. 



2 "Mictlanquauhtla" has been placed on our map in approximately the 

 same position it occupies on a sixteenth-century map (No. 57, Coleccion 

 Orozco y Berra); this general location is confirmed by the Epistolario (14: 82) 

 and by Sahagun (4: 26, 28, 134). 



The identification of "Ayotochcuitlatlan" is doubtful. Barlow (1947 a) 

 and Meade (p. 300) place the town in the Huasteca, undoubtedly because of a 

 comment of Lorenzana (ftn. 1, p. 342). Nevertheless, the fact remains that 

 this pueblo appears consistently in association with settlements in modern 

 Oaxaca and adjacent Veracruz, for which reason we prefer to identify it with 

 modern Cuicatlan. 



3 The Codice Chimalpopoca reports war with Tiltepec which resulted un- 

 happily for the Triple Alliance; nevertheless, Ixtlilxochitl lists the pueblo as 

 a conquest. 



* The Spanish translation of the Codice Chimalpopoca uses the expression, 

 "se despoblo con pestilencia." This we have interpreted as war rather than 

 disease (cf. Barlow, 1947d, p. 521). As a matter of fact, the three conquests 

 are amply confirmed by other data: 



Juchitan: elsewhere in the same source (p. 67), Anales de Tlatelolco, Colec- 

 cion de Mendoza, Torquemada, Tezozomoc, Ixtlilxochitl. 



Tehuantepec: Anales de Tlatelolco, Coleccion de Mendoza, Torquemada 

 Tezozomoc, Ixtlilxochitl. 



Amatitlan: elsewhere in the same source (p. 67), Anales de Tlatelolco .Colec- 

 cion de Mendoza, Torquemada, Tezozomoc, Ixtlilxochitl. 



« We have identified "Apancallecan" and "Apanecan" (see footnote 21, 

 below) with old "Atechancaleca" (Suma, No. 852) which, during the six- 

 teenth century, was 2 leagues from Zacatula, in a zone where the Codice 

 Chimalpopoca reports various conquests. In the Anales de Tlatelolco and 

 the Coleccion de Mendoza, this pueblo appears in association with settle- 

 ments in modern Guerrero, as it does likewise in the Matrlcula de tributos 

 (5: 73). 



8 "Acatlyyacac" (Codice Chimalpopoca) evidently corresponds to Acate- 

 pec (Anales de Tlatelolco), and thus has been identified with modern Aca- 

 tepec, in Guerrero. 



7 "Totollan" evidently is equivalent to "Tzotzollan" of the Anales de 

 Tlatelolco; both have been identified with modern Sosola, in Oaxaca. 



8 Not identified and not shown on the map. "Tlalocan" was the name 

 of the land of the Olmeca, the "Uixtotin" and the Mixteca (Sahagun 3: 

 133-134). 



• Not identified; the Matricula de tributos (5: 79-80), has it associated 

 clearly with pueblos in the Oaxaca area. It is queried on our map. 



10 This might be "Puetlan," which appears in the Matricula de tributos 

 (5: 81-82), together with other pueblos in the general vicinity of modern 

 Jico, in Veracruz. It is queried on our map. 



i' Not identified; in view of its association with Jico Viejo and Coyulapa, 

 the location should be near the Puebla-Oaxaca- Veracruz border as shown 

 on our map. 



" Not identified; presumably in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec area as 

 shown on our map. 



i' "Cihuatlan" and "Huitztlan" may be located in modern Guerrero, on 

 the basis of data in the Suma (Nos. 901, 857 respectively); although for the 

 latter pueblo, an alternative identification (see next paragraph) is equally 

 possible. 



Except for "Cihuatlan," all these settlements might be located either in 

 coastal Guerrero or Oaxaca-Chiapas. The Matrlcula de tributos (5:83) sug- 

 gests that "Huehuetlan," "Huitztlan," and "Macatlan" lie in the Chiapas 

 area. Tezozomoc (pp. 356, 370, 374) places both "Mazatlan" ("Macatlan") 

 and "Xolotlan" in Chiapas. On the map, both possibilities are shown, each 

 questioned. 



11 Not identified and not shown on map. However, if the associated pueb- 

 los (Nos. 34-38) are situated in modern Guerrero identification with La 

 Huipililla (No. 17) is not unlikely. 



11 See footnote 10, map 16. 



16 Not mentioned in other sources. The name agrees with that of Yautepec, 

 Morelos, but we are inclined to identify the pueblo with San Bartolo Yau- 

 tepec, Oaxaca, since Ahuizotl was noticeably active in this region. 



"Not identified; perhaps merely a repetition of "Xolotlan" (No. 37) of 

 the other sources. 



18 Obviously a repetition of "Ayotochcuitlatlan," No. 7, with the name 

 split. 



18 Evidently "Quauhiztla" equates with "Cuaubtlan," since the two 

 pueblos occupy corresponding positions in the lists of the Codice Chimal- 

 popoca and the Anales de Tlatelolco. 



20 We equate " Uizquitlan" and "Mizquitlan," since they appear in corre- 

 sponding positions in the Codice Chimalpopoca and the Anales de Tlatelolco. 



2i In this passage, the Anales de Tlatelolco do not state clearly that these 

 pueblos were conquered, but elsewere (p. 17) the same source lists Nos. 1, 

 10-12, 19, and 30 among the conquests. Furthermore, there is confirma- 

 tion by other sources: 



Coyulapa: Codice Chimalpopoca, Coleccion de Mendoza, Ixtlilxochitl. 



Cuautenango, Chicontepec, Chapa de Mota: see footnotes 1, 2, above. 



Amatitlan, Juchitan, Tehuantepec: see footnote 4, above. 



"Apanecan": Codice Chimalpopoca, Coleccion de Mendoza; see footnote 

 5, above. 



22 Not located; the associated pueblos suggest either modern Guerrero or 

 the vicinity of Jico Viejo, in Veracruz. Both possibilities are shown queried 

 on our map. 



23 Not identified; listed between "Xieocbimilco" and "Tecuantepec," 

 hence a location either in Veracruz or Oaxaca is likely. Again, both possi- 

 bilities appear on the map. 



24 Not located on map; both pueblos should be situated either in Guerrero 

 or in Chiapas. 



26 Manifestly a division of the name, "Xicochimalco" (No. 6). 



26 See footnote 11, map 10. 



27 Torquemada places the "Tziuhcoacas" and "Tocpanecas" in tbe"Pro- 

 vincia y Reinos de Xalisco." This, together with the fact that Veytia 

 has " Quiahuixtlan," presumably the Totonac center of Veracruz, in the gen- 

 eral vicinity of Jalisco, leads one to suspect that during the sixteenth century, 

 part of Veracruz was known as Jalisco (cf. ftn. 33, p. 16). In any case, 

 "Tziuhcoacas" and " Tocpanecas" evidently are to be identified respectively 

 with Chicontepec (ftn. 33, p. 267) and Tuxpan. 



28 The "Tlacupan" of Torquemada apparently refers to Tlapa (ftn. 55 

 p. 275). 



28 See footnote 27, map 14; footnote 37, p. 269. 



30 See footnote 25, map 14. The pueblo appears, queried on our map. 



31 Torquemada (1: 187) writes thus: "Cuecalcuitlapillan, Provincia grande 

 de Gente, y mui Valientes, y haciendoles Guerra no pudo vencerlos ..." 

 Nevertheless, the pueblo appears among the conquests in the Codice Chimal- 

 popoca, the Anales do Tlatelolco, and the Coleccion de Mendoza. 



32 Torquemada mentions war, but not conquest. Dibble's dubious inter- 

 pretation of the Codice en Cruz similarly suggests war with Atlixco. 



33 Tezozomoc's account of the campaigns of Ahuizotl, particularly in the 

 Tehuantepec area, is extremely confused. The same pueblo names are 

 repeated so frequently, in the course of different wars, that the impression 

 is of no more than a series of raids for booty. 



34 Chiluca does not appear as conquered; it was a concentration point for 

 the Mexican forces in a campaign directed against the Otoml zone in the 

 present State of Mexico. 



3 <» See footnote 19, map 14. 



35 Tezozomoc appears to refer not to an individual pueblo, but to the 

 people known as Chinantec (see footnote 25, map 14). 



36 "Xuxtecatl" might be identified with either of the pueblos indicated, 

 one in Oaxaca, the other in Chiapas. Both possibilities appear on the map. 



37 Not identified; evidently located somewhere in the Isthmus of Tehuan- 

 tepec zone as our map indicates. 



38 According to Tezozomoc, these pueblos were prior conquests; they sent 

 embassies to pay tribute and to reiterate their submission to Ahuizotl. 

 "Chiltepec' ' alone is not identified and docs not appear on our map. 



38 Dibble's interpretations of the Codice en Cruz are far from secure. War is 

 implied by the sacrifice of victims of Chicontepec, Tlapa, and from the 

 Zapoteca zone, and such hostilities are confirmed by other data: 



Chicontepec and Tlapa: see footnote 1, above. 



Zapoteca: Codice Chimalpopoca, Anales de Tlatelolco, Coleccion de 

 Mendoza, Codex Telleriano-Remensis, Torquemada, Ixtlilxochitl. 



Dibble's interpretation of "Teozapotlan" obviously is more doubtful than 

 any of the others, since he indicates that the glyph bears little resemblance 

 to that of the pueblo with which he identifies it. His interpretation of war 

 with Atlixco has been mentioned above (ftn. 32). 



40 According to Ixtlilxochitl, Netzahualpilli engaged in a campaign against 

 Nautla, with the result that Texcoco gained control of "la tierra baja de los 

 totonaques." The Nautla war is confirmed by the Codice en Cruz (pp. 69-70). 

 In addition, Ixtlilxochitl (2: 272) mentions a campaign occasioned by a 

 rebellion in Chicontepec, as well as war with Atlixco. 



These three campaigns are attributed to Texcoco by Ixtlilxochitl. Never- 

 theless, the Spaniards found a Mexican garrison in Nautla, which implies 

 either Mexican participation in the conquest, or a subsequent shift in control, 

 from Texcoco to Tenochtitlan. 



<i Previous references to Zapotecas (Torquemada, Codice en Cruz) appear 

 to apply to a pueblo (No. 14). Ixtlilxochitl refers to the province, namely 

 the area occupied by the Zapoteca, in modern Oaxaca. The Mixteca alta 

 and the Mixteca baja refer to the zones peopled by the Mixteca, likewise 

 in Oaxaca, but extending into southern Puebla. 



42 In this case, Ixtlilxochitl clearly is speaking of the region known at 

 present as Chiapas. 



43 Not identified. Ixtlilxochitl places this pueblo in the Tehuantepec area, 

 remarking that it was "una de sus ciudades mas populosas y ricas. 



