34 



INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY — PUBLICATION NO. 14 



The comparison of table 6 leaves the question 

 equally divided between the Colonial and Repub- 

 lican regimes: 



Table 7. — The census of 1850 {entire populations) 



Territory: 1795 



Junfn and Huaylas 200, 839 



Libertad and Amazonas 230, 970 



Lima 149,112 



Increase 

 1836 (percent) 



265, 705 24. 5 



252, 235 8. 3 



151, 718 1. 5 



Total 580,921 669,658 13.25 



In 41 years the increase in these northern depart- 

 ments fell far below the anticipated doubling. To 

 the defenders of the Colonial regime, Republican 

 government had failed; to Republicans, the 

 Colonial regime had burdened them with its 

 depletion of the human resources of the country. 



THE CENSUS OF 1850 



The census of 1850 was prepared by the Minis- 

 try of War upon the basis of the tax registers since 

 1826. Its purpose was to buttress a presidential 

 decree ordering the recruitment of fresh troops of 

 infantry and cavalry for impending hostilities 

 with Bolivia (El Peruano, 1850, vol. 23, p. 141). 

 The census was first published together with the 

 decree ordering the levy of new troops on the 

 basis of recruits per thousand population. The 

 census is dated April 25 and the decree April 27. 32 

 One week later a corrected version of the census 

 appeared, claiming to include foreigners and slaves, 

 with corrections based upon the most recent 

 registers. The revision raised the total popula- 

 tion of the Republic beyond two million, and 

 permitted the Government to publish a figure 

 pushing up the number of recruits per thousand 

 inhabitants. 33 



Table 7 shows both original and corrected 

 figures as published. 



»' El Peruano, 1850, vol. 23, p. HI, "El anterior Censo es sacado de las 

 ultimas matriculas que existen archivadas en la Dlreccion Jeneral de Haci- 

 enda. Limaa25deAbrildel850. Buenaventura Seoane, Oflcial Mayor del 

 Ministerio de Querra y Marina." 



- El Peruano, 1850, vol. 23, No. 37, 4 May, p. 144. "Censo rectiflcado de la 

 Republics. El anterior Censo, en el que no estan incluidos los extranjeros ni 

 los esclavos, ba sido sacado y rectiflcado conforme a las ultimas matriculas 

 que existen archivadas en la Direccion Jeneral de Hacienda. Lima a 4 de 

 Mayo de 1850. B. S." 



Ibid., "Circular a los Prefectos y Oobernado res litorales . . . Habiendo 

 Hegado algunas matriculas despues de formado el censo . . . y . . . resultando 

 . . . haber . . . 2001123 almas y caber un recluta por cada fraccion de 1287 

 [scale of recruitment altered from former rate of 1214 persons per recruit] . . . 

 Pedro Cisneros." 



On Early Republican army recruitment, see Lavandais, 1851; Bowen, 

 1861, p. 230; Basadre, 1929, vol. 1, p. 99; Saenz, 1933, p. 170; Beals, 1934, p. 377. 



Department and Province 



Apr. 25, 



1850 



May 4, 

 1850 



A mamnas 



39, 074 









Chachapoyas _ 



27,728 

 11,346 





Main as 









Ancasb 



155, 779 









Huarl 



38,638 



69, 077 



5,349 



42,715 





Huaylas 





Ran fa 





Conchucos 









Ayacucho 



129,921 



130,070 







Andahuaylas 



19, 184 

 20,027 

 29,617 

 26,358 

 15, 401 

 19, 334 





Cangallo. 



20,176 



Huamanga.. 





TTiianta 





Lucanas 





Parinacochas 





Arequipa 



121, 585 



135, 361 







Cercado 



50,040 

 11,270 

 23,446 

 21, 170 

 15.659 



63,816 



Camana 





Cailloma 





Condesuyos 





Union 





Cuzco 



346, 211 





Abancay. _ 



21. 912 

 22,980 

 18,228 

 41, 152 

 14,223 

 37,605 

 32, 106 

 22,050 

 23,241 

 17, 732 

 17,206 

 49, 416 

 28,360 





Anta... 





Aimaraes 





Cercado 





Calca 





Canas 





CsmrhW 





dhiimhlvllcas 





Cotabambas 





Paruro. 





Paucartambo... 





Quispicanchis .. 





TJrubamba 





Huancavelica 



76, 118 









Angaraes 



17, 301 

 17,318 

 14, 348 

 27,151 





Cercado 









Tayacaja.. 





Jnn fn 



245, 722 









Cajatambo 



24,799 

 32,027 

 28,189 

 89, 796 

 70,911 





Huamalfes.- 





TTnftnnm 





Jauja 





Pasco 





La Libertad 



202,662 



261, 553 



Cajamarca _ 



46,122 

 25,133 

 62, 597 

 11,417 



7,560 

 22,682 

 19,940 



7,211 





Chiclayo - 





Chota __ 





Huamacbuco 



60,854 











Pataz 



29,394 



Trujillo 







180, 923 







85,116 

 14, 384 

 15, 553 

 23,428 

 14,258 

 15,264 

 12,920 





Canta 





















Ica _ 





Moquegua 



61,440 





Arica 



18,642 

 32,380 

 10, 418 









Tarapaca. 







245, 6S1 



286, 148 





54, 333 

 22, 138 

 35, 957 

 66, 765 

 76,488 





Carabaya 



22,605 



Chuculto . 



75, 957 







Lampa 





Callao 



8,352 

 74, 372 





Plura 





Total Republic 



1, 887, 840 



2,001,123 







