66 



INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY — PUBLICATION NO. 14 



artistic, and political movement of "indigenismo" 

 in twentieth-century Peru, which, by lamenting 

 and publicizing Indian dispossession and Indian 

 misery, reenergizes a racial concept of Indian 

 status instead of dispelling it. 



It is too soon to appraise the part that has been 

 played by "indigenismo" in recent decades. In 

 practical life, the action of the indigenista artist 

 and intellectual seems to have tended rather more 

 toward the perpetuation of the Indian caste than 

 to its assimilation by a modern citizenry. 



At the present moment, by the evidence of our 

 maps plotting Indian majority (maps 4, 6, 8, 10), 

 and the maps of areas where Indian percentages 

 have recently increased (maps 15, 19), the regions 

 of decisively Indian character by caste standards, 

 are five in number: (a) the mountainous heart of 

 the Department of Piura; (6) the Departments of 



Ancash and Huanuco; (c) in parts of Junta, 

 Huancavelica, Apurimac, and Arequipa; (d) the 

 Department of Cuzco, especially its peripheries; 

 and (e) the Department of Puno. These five 

 "islands" form the Indian core of modern Peru. 

 In the past, parts of these "islands" were less 

 Indian than they are today. From the evidence 

 of the nineteenth century, we may deduce that as 

 these areas shrink or increase by Indian caste 

 percentages, so will they have prospered or become 

 impoverished. On the other hand, it is not only 

 possible, but perhaps even desirable, that future 

 census questionnaires should altogether abandon 

 the effort to classify the population either by 

 "race" or by caste. The distinctions among the 

 castes are probably intensified rather than reduced 

 by enumeration. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



ARCHIVAL SOURCES 

 Lima 

 Archivo Hist6rico del Ministerio de Hacienda, 

 Palacio de Justicia. 



To refer in all bibliographical detail to the MSS. 

 consulted in this archive would be to anticipate 

 and fall short of the catalog projected by the 

 Director, Senor Federico Schwab. I therefore refer 

 to the MSS. only by call-number in the tables. 

 MSS. cited in footnotes are described at more 

 length. The sections of the archive I have con- 

 sulted are the following: 



1. The manuscript tax registers of the period 



1826-54 are classified in section R. This 

 letter precedes the numbers of all volumes 

 in the series. A card catalog at the 

 archive classifies the volumes by date 

 but not by province. 



2. The file of laws, decrees, and official corre- 



spondence of the Ministerio de Hacienda 

 is ordered by date and by Ministry sec- 

 tion in the series O. L. No card catalog 

 exists. The collection is easily consulted. 



3. The Colonial section of the archive has been 



cataloged. (See Schwab, 1947.) 

 Archivo Nacional, Palacio de Justicia. Secci6n 

 hist6rica. 



The section called Real Hacienda is uncataloged. The 

 following items bearing upon the subject of this 

 paper were located: 



"Libro Mayor/de la Contaduria Gral de Trib- 

 utos/del Cargo de su Contador/Don Juan 

 Jos6 de Leuro:/y comprehende/la Cuenta/del 

 afio de 1801/." 58 fos. 

 "Contribucidn general de industria y predios 

 . . . Huancane . . . 1850." 



"Matricula/de Castas de la ProV de Paruro/ 

 actuada en el afio de/1836." This document, 

 though lacking population figures, includes 

 an informe dealing with sales and assignments 

 of vacant lands. The informe is signed by 

 Mariano Joaquin Zuzurraga. 



"Paruro/Matricula de indigenas/en el quin- 

 quenio de 1830/ por Dn Manuel Paz y 

 Tapia/." 192 fos. This paper contains an 

 informe. 



"Libro/de/matricula de castas de/la provincia 

 de Tayacaja/Afio de 1830/." 125 fos. The 

 document is signed by Manuel de Beramendi. 



"Urubamba/de Indigenas/en el quinquenio de 

 1826." 165 fos. Signed by Tomas Coronel. 



Biblioteca Nacional. Secci6n de manuscritos. 

 The cataloging of these MSS. is in progress: 



"Instrucci6n de Matriculas/de Indios por [Julian] 



Orodea [de la Cuesta]/ Gral 605/ 1820." 27 fos. 



"Cuadro/que manifiesta la Poblaci6n Indfgena y 



de Castas la Agricultura el comercio y /Sistema 



Tributario de la Provincia de Chancay/." 



Single sheet 96 x 57 cm. Dated at Lima, Jan. 



12, 1848. Signed Eugenio Sosa. 



Archivo del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 



Palacio Torre Tagle. 



The card catalog of MSS. is available in the library 

 of the Foreign Office. It is incomplete and inexact. 

 5-7. "Revisita de la provincia de Chucuyto en 

 el Departamento de Puno, Republica del Peru, 

 practicada por su intend' D D Manuel Eusebio 

 Bermejo, y comisionado Fizcal D n Gregorio 

 Prieto, el Afio de 1826 . . . Tomo 1°." 215 

 fos. 



