INDIAN TRIBES OF NORTHERN MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL OBERG 





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Figube 1.' — Temperature readings taken at Jacarei Camp, Upper Xingu. 



L.) and the "tamandua colete" (Tamandua tetra- 

 dactyla L.). Among the numerous monkeys the 

 Cebus xanthoslernos (Wied) and the Alouatta 

 beelzebul L. are the most common. 



Among the birds which the Indians hunt both 

 for food and their feathers are the "jacobim" 

 (Psophia viridis Spix), the "mutun" or curassow 

 (Mitu mitu L.), and the duck (Cairina moschata L.). 

 The parrots, macaws, toucans, hawks, eagles, and 

 buzzards are hunted and kept for then feathers. 



The principal protein food of the Indians of the 

 Upper Xingu is fish. Among the varieties most 

 often found are the "bicuda," "avoadeira," 

 "piau," "curimata," "pacu," "traira," "piranha," 

 "cachorro," "pirarara," "pintado," "fidalgo," 

 "barbado," and "matrincha." In addition, the 

 rivers abound in crocodilians and terrapins. The 



terrapins provide a plentiful supply of meat and 

 in August their eggs are eagerly hunted and eaten 

 by the natives. 



Among the most unpleasant occupants of the 

 area are the flies and mosquitoes, which, during 

 the rainy season, are particularly disturbing. Al- 

 though the most dangerous is the malaria carrier 

 (Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus)) , the ones which 

 cause the greatest discomfort are the smaller 

 gnats such as the "pium" (Simulium amazoni- 

 curn), the "Mosquito-polvora" (Culicoides) , the 

 "borrachudo" and the small bee called "mosquito 

 lambe-olho" (Carvalho, 1949, pp. 8-17). 



THE PEOPLE 



The Upper Xingu Basin is today inhabited by 

 approximately 733 Indians belonging to at least 



