16 



March 29th, 1897. Eeine in Lofoten. Number: 100 fishes. 



Contents: Buccinum sp., buccinum undatum, sipho 

 glaher, boreophausia inerniis, cypridina norvegica, gadus 

 wglefinus, 28 cm. long. 



The majority had now spawned, the roe-bags were 

 bluish-red, and testes had not the prominent white colour 

 as before. 



March 31st, 1897. Eeine. Number: 250. 



Now that the cod had spawned, many of the stomachs 

 were empty too; the contents however indicated that the 

 appetite at any rate had not become less than before. 

 Besides remainders of the bait, the intestines of cod were 

 often found, in an isolated case was even found a large 

 head of a cod. The thing is that the cutting up of the 

 fish is often done while the fishermen are rowing home 

 from the fishing places ; the instetines are then thrown 

 into the sea. 



Stomach contents : Idothea negleeia, i. haltica, re- 

 mainders of amphipods, remainders of holothurides, ophiura 

 sarsii, onuphis conchylega, mytilus, sipho glaber, buccinum 

 undatum, opercul i of buccinum. Some of the cods exam- 

 ined had their stomachs almost crammed with tentacles of 

 holothurides. Mr. Hj. Ostergben at Upsala has been good 

 enough to examine this material, and says that most of them 

 belong to phyllophorus sp., and a few to cucumaria frondosa. 



April 12th & 13th, 1897. Balstad. Number: 400 fishes. 



In the largest cod-stomachs were often found the 

 intestines of cods, in some even the heads. With a bra- 

 chyopod (waldheimia) followed also the stone to which it 

 had stuck. That a great part of the small stones that 

 are frequently found in cod stomachs have come there in 

 a similar way, is most likely. That the cod should take 

 "ballast" before it again seeks out into the deep sea, is 

 not very credible. At Balstad I found for the first time 

 a starfish in the stomach of a cod, viz. a young specimen 

 of cribrella sanguinolenta, and also a young individual of 

 solaster endeca. 



Contents: Strongyloeentr.otus drobachiensis, solaster 

 endeca, cribrella sanguinolenta, ophiura sarsii, opercula 

 of buccinum, pecten tigrinus, lunatia m,ontagu, wald- 

 heimia, onuphis conchylega, leodice norvegica, nymplion 

 stromii, halirages fulvocinctus, ampelisca sp., pandalus 

 annulicornis, dona intestinalis. 



Here at Balstad too, tentacles of holothuridce were 

 very common. Mr. Osteegben mentions one nearly com- 

 plete specimen of stichopus tremulus, as well as tentacle 

 coronas and loose tentacles of phyllophorus sp. The cal- 

 careous substances of the skin and the tentacles were 

 dissolved, as were also in nearly all of them the cal- 

 careous ring. Among other curiosities found in cod stom- 

 achs at Balstad was also a bit of orange peel. 



April 28th, 1897. Eost in Lofoten. 



Contents in cod stomachs : Eemainders of decapod 

 Crustacea, ephausidce and amphipoda. 



From the cod fisheries off Kristiansund N. (March, 1897) I 

 have examined about 900 cod stomachs. The fish were caught 4 

 miles SW of the Grip lighthouse. A great deal of the stomachs 

 were empty, or contained only the remainders of the bait; I found,, 

 however, also remainders of fishes and cuttlefish, further Crustacea 

 (decajDods, isopods) and snails. 



Specification of the contents: 



Eemainders of ommatostrephes, sipho gracilis, s. fusiformis, 

 opercula of buccinum and sipho, munida rugosa, crangon almanni,. 

 cega stromii, rocinella danmoniensis, cirolana borealis, cypridina 

 norvegica. 



From the fishing off Kalvaag, Bremanger, in March 1897, I 

 examined about 200 cod stomachs. Simultaneously with the fishing 

 of cod, "spring herrings" were also being caught, and the majority 

 of the cod stomachs were filled with herrings or herring spawn in 

 different stages of development. About half the number of the 

 stomachs examined were filled with herring spawn, and the other 

 half with spring herrings. With the spawn followed algaj, shells,, 

 &c. A great part of the spawn was so far developed, that the 

 eye-spots were distinctly visible. Further, one specimen was found 

 of anarrhicas, 19. .5 cm. long, as well as remnants of other fishes, 

 besides specimens of ascidia mentula, o. f. m,, several gastropods 

 and opercula of the same, galathea sp., cribella sanguinolenta, Ac 

 In one stomach were found several balls of algse. The general 

 occurrence of spring herrings and herring spawn in tlie cod stomaclis 

 deserves special attention. The largest specimens of herrings obser- 

 ved measured as much as 28 cm. Among molluscs taken from cod 

 stomachs from the Bremanger fishing may be mentioned : Buccinum 

 undatum-, trichotropis borealis, nassa incrassata, chiton marmoreus, 

 margarita gronlandica, lunatia montagui, cribella sanguinolenta, 

 ophiura sarsii. 



Also in March 1898 cod fishing took place off Bremanger. In 

 stead of the cod stomachs crammed with herrings and herring spawn 

 as I had seen them the previous year, the March fishing of 1898 only 

 supplied me with rather empty and shrunk stomachs for examination.. 

 In some, however, I found remnants of fishes, among these also 

 herrings, but in no case spawn was found. Generally speaking, 

 there seems this year to have prevailed scarcity of food. In the 

 stomachs of cods taken near Bergen in March 1897 were, among 

 other things, also found herrings, and spawn of cottus, while there 

 were traces of portunus depurator, galathea strigosa, &c. 



During the cod fisheries ofi' Sotra (a little South of Bergen) 

 in February 1898, I have further made some observations about 

 the food of the cod. 



On Feb. 23th, 1898, about 900 stomachs were examined, most 

 of which were empty and shrunk, as in Lofoten, or only containing 

 rests of the herring bait. In a few specimens spring herrings 

 were seen; of other fishes were found one sebastes, one gobius, 

 and indefinable rests of others. Among other things were found 

 strips of laminaria, the jaws of ommatostrephes, many apercula of 

 buccinum undatum, further specimens of nassa incrassata, lunatia 

 montagui, margarita gronlandica, &c. In a few cases were seen 

 ascidia and holothuridce, and of larger Crustacea may be noted 

 cancer pagurus, carcinus moenas and lithodes maja. Further may 

 be mentioned several smaller amphipoda, one isopod (cega psora,. 



