SYNOPSIS OF THE CYPRINIDiE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



375 



Phoxinua neogaem* Scales small, head short, lateral line half-way to dorsal; a dark lateral band from muzzle 

 to caudal. 



Chrosomus erythrogaster. Scales smallest, head elongate, muzzle prominent, lateral line short; two dark-colored 

 lateral bands from orbit to caudal, separated by a silver band ; unieolor. 



Chrosomus cos. Scales smaller, head moderate, mouth shortest, muzzle not prominent; one dark band from 

 orbit to caudal, without silver band on caudal peduncle; back spotted. 



The species of Clinostomus known to the author are the following : 



a. Eye small, one-fourth length of head. 



Posterior opercular angle less than right; mandible compressed, much projecting; scales 10— 02— 5. 



PRORIGER. 



aa. Eye larger, one-third length of head. 



Posterior opercular angle right or larger; mandible not compressed, scarcely prolonged ; scales 9—46-50—4; 

 muzzle acuminate, muzzle reaching line of pupil; a light and dark lateral band. FUNDULOides! 



Posterior opercular angle right; mandible not compressed; muzzle obtuse; maxilla not reaching line of orbit; 



scales 1 1 — 58 — 8-9 ; no dark lateral band. 



MARGARITA. 



In the C. margarita and C. funduloides the edges of the pharyngeal teeth are fre- 

 quently hyaline and sometimes so ohtuse as to give an erroneous impression of a grinding 

 surface. 



CLINOSTOMUS PRORIGER, Cope. 

 Squalius proriger, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1864, 280. 



In this Cyprinoid the prolongation of the lower jaw is very great: it presents a symphysial knob beyond and 

 above the premaxillary border. End of the maxillary opposite the middle of the pupil. Anglo of opercular out- 

 line less than 90°. Head narrowed anteriorly; eye four times in its length : latter four times in length to con- 

 cavity of tail. Greatest height 51 times in the same. Ventrals a little in advance of dorsal : from front base of 



* Phoxinus ncogaeus, Cope. Chrosomus eos, m. Proc. Aead. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1864, 281 (not 1801, 523). 



Head more than one-fourth length to base of caudal. Parietal region broader, width one-third from first dorsal 

 ray to caudal, which equals from dorsal to posterior margin of orbit. Muzzle short, mouth oblique, reaching edge 

 of orbit. Scales above lateral line 18 rows, transverse series 77, longitudinal 30. Greatest depth of body, entcra 

 length to basis of caudal a little over four times. Bye contained three and a half times in length of head, diameter 

 greater than length of muzzle from its anterior rim. Kadial formula D. 8, C. 18, A. 8, V. 8 P. 16.' Lateral 

 line crossed twenty-four rows of scales. A blackish band along the lateral line, above this yellowish-brown, lighter 

 next the band; back unspotted. A dark spot at base of tail; suborbital and opercular regions with a bluish 

 reflection. Teeth 2.5—4.2. 



Total length 2.75; length caudal .5; base of latter to origin first dorsal ray 1 ; from latter to end of muzzle 

 !.<». Ihe pectoral extends about half way to ventrals; latter not to vent; dorsal and anal small 



Tins species differs from Ph. lams by its scaly vertebral and ventral regions, and much shorter lateral line 

 bpeeimens from New Hudson, Livingston County, Michigan. 





