396 



SYNOPSIS OF THE CYPRINID^E OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



sum spiniceplialum, Val, is identical with it. The latter differs from the C. dubium in the 

 more numerous scales of the lateral line. 



CAMPOSTOMA DUBIUM, Kirtland. 



Exoglosmm dubium, Kirtland, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 



I have twenty-nine specimens of this fish before me from the Youghio- 

 gheny, Pa., the St. Josephs, Michigan, and the White River, Indiana 

 (W. P. Clark), and find no variation except in the scales of the lateral 

 line, which, while usually 49 to 52 in number, in two of the White 

 lliver specimens reach 55 and 57. 



In this species the suborbital bone is narrow and sickle-shaped ; the promaxillary bones arc protrusile, and 

 overarched by a strong dermal fold. The upper lip is long, but the lower not completed round the arch of the 

 mandible. 



The general form of this fish is elongate, with a deep caudal peduncle, this depth measuring nearly half the 

 length of the head. Greatest depth one-fifth length to caudal emargination. Pectorals extend two-thirds length 

 to ventrals, latter just to vent. Anal narrow, first rays not longest, its basis little over half greatest length. Dor- 

 sal small immediately over ventrals, its basis 1.5 height; latter .83 in length from its first ray to origin of caudal. 



The scales, as in Semotilus, are more equally exposed in young than adult individuals, where they become 

 crowded anteriorly and less exposed; number 7-8 — 49-57—8-7; lateral line nearly straight, elevated shortly at its 

 anterior extremity. 



The muzzle is elongate, and contains twice the diameter of the eye, or 2.5 the internarial width from hinder 

 nostril above, or 1.5 the interorbital width. Frontal bones convex. R. D. 1. 8, C. +19+, A. 1.7, V. 1.8, P. 16. 



Length 5 inches. 



In adults the dorsal, caudal, and anal fins have a black median band. In spring the smaller specimens have 

 the inferior fins and the caudal light orange without markings. General color, above leaden, below cream color 

 with leaden tinge. The peritonaum of this species is black. 



The Campostoma is a fish of comparatively slow movements, and readily takes a hook 

 baited with a worm. It occurs in clear and calm waters, but is probably not averse to 

 mud. 



In completion of this synopsis, it is necessary to add two species of the family which 

 have been introduced, the Cyprihus carpio, from Europe, and the Carassius auratus, or 

 gold fish, from China, by way of Europe. Each represents a distinct group of the Epicysti 

 preceding our Group I, with the following characters : 



Group 0. Barbels present; teeth of the molar type, with grooved crown, more than one-rowed. Alimentary 

 canal elongate. Dorsal fin much elongate. 



Teeth 1.1.3 — 3.1.1 ; both lateral and angular beards. Dorsal and anal fins with strong spines; basis of latter 

 short. cypeinus. 



Group 00. Barbels none; teeth broad, flat, truncate, scalpriform, one-rowed; dorsal fin with elongate basis. 

 Alimentary canal elongate. 



Teeth 4 — 4; dorsal and anal with strong osseous spine; latter with short basis. Mouth terminal, carassius. 



