202 
middle of the same, turning in. over its flat side. At about the 
point where the bow turns inwards, another series of bristles be- 
gins, placed along with the inner edge, and reaching down to the 
masticatory part of the mandible, Finally, further below, at the 
entrance to the pharynx, the tearing masticatory part of the mand- 
ible is situated, constituted by short and strong chitin daggers or 
teeth. Against them acts a peculiar palpe-like projecting lobe; its 
apex is furnished with a bunch of short bristles inserted at a right 
angle to the long axis of the lobe. The lobe forms a crooked arm, 
covered on its inner side by a series of bristles. Above the mast- 
icatory part of the mandible we find a series of 10—12 long 
feather-like bristles; the teeth, the right-angular lobe and the 
feather-bristles together with those from the opposite mandible en- 
circle a room and effect, that every particle swept down into the 
lower part of the buccal cavity by the combing-teeth and the brush, 
is caught within this room from which it is not able to escape. 
The above mentioned three parts of the mandible: the combing 
the brushing, and the masticating part, may be pointed out upon 
all the figures of mandibles designated on the plates 136—138 by 
Howard, Dyar and Knab; most probably they will be refound 
in nearly all Culicid-larvæ, but they are differently shaped in the 
different species. 
The måxillæ (fig. 14) are constructed in accordance with the 
common ground-plan for the maxillæ of the Culicidæ. The fore- 
edge carries a large bunch of long strong haires; laterally (fig. 
14, fig. 115) a very long bristle is found. The inner edge and 
the sides are covered with short hairs, the palpe (fig. 14 a) is 
fairly small but more highly developed than in the Danish Culex- 
larvæ; it carries a few hairs. 
On the ceiling of the buccal cavity a little below the labrum, 
we find the organ commonly called epipharynæx (Thompson 1904 
p. 169) (fig. 12 f, fig. 17 b), a prominent, more strongly chitin- 
ized fold of the skin furnished with four strong, short hairs with 
stubby apex; laterally it is bordered by two long acute dusks of hair. 
According to Meijere (1916 p. 253) the labium (fig. 121; 
14 be, 15—16) of the Diptera larvæ is divided into four par!s" 
the submentum, the mentum, the præmenlum, and the hypophar- 
ynx. In most of the Nemocera and probably in all Culicidæ there 
