18 
male gland on the one side, a female gland on the opposite, and 
— as it might be expected beforehand in birds — the testis and 
seminal duct belonging to the right side, the ovary and oviduct 
to the left. Special interest again among these is attached to cases 
where the specimen in question betrays its lateral hermaphroditism 
on the exterior, the plumage being distinctly parted along the middle- 
line, the right side showing the colour of the male, the left that 
of the female. Of this kind three cases — anatomically settled — 
are recorded: a chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs, Max Weber 1890), 
and two bullfinches (Pyrrhula europæa, Lorenz 1894; Hein- 
roth and Poll 1909).7) : 
Ås true lateral hermaphrodites, in which the plumage did not 
appear bipartite, three Tetrao tetrix are mentioned: one with the- 
lyid dress, examined by Lorenz (Brandt 1889, p. 159), and 
two examined by Ørjan Olsen, the one with thelyid (1912, P. 
22, No. 6), the other with arrhenoid plumage (ibid., p. 23, No. 7); 
further, a pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) examined by Biitti- 
kofer (1896, p. 208); it showed "'a curious mixture of the plu- 
mage of male and female” (most remarkably — probably due to 
an error — the testis is stated to belong to the left, the ovary to 
the right side). 
A solitary case, evidently not to be classified among the trué 
lateral-hermaphroditic is that recorded by Stanley Elley (1910, 
p. 291). It concerns an ostrich (Struthio camelus) with the plu- 
mage and appearance of the full-grown male, and between 7 and 
10 years old. Among about a dozen other ''cock-birds” it had to 
') A few more cases are supposed to be lateral-hermaphroditic on nDe 
ci unt of the plumage being "bipartite”, but no anatomical examination 
has been made: three bullfinches (v. Pelzeln 1871, cfr. Tschusi V- 
Schmidhofen 1875, Cabanis 1874, Reichenow 1905), a sugar” 
bird (Dacnis spiza, Kniesche 1914) and a flicker or fgolden wood- 
pecker” (Colaptes auratus (mexicanus), Cabanis 1874).' In the two 
last named the dress, however, was g' on the left, 9 on the right side, 
while the plumage of the three bullfinches did agree with that of thé 
(1889, p. 107) mentions that Lorenz (teste Tichomirow) has obser” 
ved bipartite plum in a Tetrao tetrix; Brandt, however, records tå w 
se an "arrhenoidia lateralis,” and does not express any suspicion 
regarding true hermaphroditism. 
