19 
be castrated for later use as foster parent for young 'chicks” in 
an ostrich-farm. As the journal containing Mr. Elley's communi- 
cation does not seem easily accessible,!) I shall quote the author's 
own words: "Failing to find the right testicle, I broke through the 
fold of peritoneum which normally separates the two testicles, and 
endeavoured to locate the left one, but in place of a testicle I. 
found what felt like a small ovary. Tracing this along, two flabby 
slightly elongated structures, somewhat the size and shape of an 
ordinary bean, were noticed, one attached to either side and the 
left about an inch anterior to the right. The whøle mass was re- 
moved, and upon further examination proved to be an imperfectly 
developed ovary, to either side of which was attached a rudimen- 
fary testicle. The total weight of ovary and testicles was barely 
two ounces. 
After completing the operation I examined the bird "per cloa- 
cam" and found the penis was well developed, but resembled that 
Organ as seen in a young bird of about six months.” 
(2) Cases of the second group, in which the sexual gland itself 
is hermaphroditic, will perhaps be found less rare than at present 
known; some of the numerous arrhenoid cases which have not, 
Or not sufficiently, been anatomically examined might possibly 
have shown the ovary to contain male elements, if only a thorough 
microscopical analysis had been made, and the preservation of 
the material been fit for histological research. Some of the spe- 
cimens described by Brandt (f. ex. the domestic fowls I. c. No. 2, 
P. 130, and No. 4, p. 137, both referred to above by me as pseu- 
dohermaphroditic) might point in that direction. The only case, 
however, which seems to me tolerably certain as truly hermaphro- 
ditic is Brandts "arrhenoid grey-hen” (Tetrao tetrix  virago””), 
1. c. p. 144, No. 5 (cfr. also p. 186). The sexual gland had the 
Shape of a sterile and reduced ovary, but it contained — appa- 
rently for the greater part — seminal canals, and — more spar- 
Sely — egg-follicles. Oviduct as well as seminal ducts were com- 
Pletely absent. But the state of preservation of this bird was rather 
er 
1) I feel greatly indebted to Mr. Knud Andersen, Brit. Mus., Nat. Hist., 
Who on my request kindly sought for the journal in question, and after 
Some hunting in vain finally found it in the library of the R. Agricultural 
Society, London, and sent to me a type-written copy of the fn 
