COLLECTING 153 



order that the collector may follow the tide as it goes 

 down. In this way the littoral region can be explored ; 

 the upper part of the sublittoral can only be reached by 

 wading ; its lower part lies too deep for wading, and 

 recourse must be had to a boat. From the boat many 

 species may be seized, and hauled into it by means of 

 an ordinary garden rake, if the water be quiet enough ; 

 otherwise it will be necessary to use the dredge, and that 

 must always be used as a matter of course where the 

 water gets deeper. If the bottom is rough, care should 

 be taken to protect the bag of the dredge on both sides 

 with strong sailor's canvas. If this is not done the 

 meshes of the net will be easily caught by corals or 

 stones ; protected by canvas, the net will often glide 

 over these impediments. The success attending the 

 use of the dredge will depend upon local circumstances. 

 Farlow, in his " Marine Algae of New England," called 

 a day spent in dredging a wasted day ; but during the 

 Dutch Siboga Expedition the dredge has brought up 

 several times a rich harvest, and, used by the Belgian 

 Arctic Expedition, the results were often " a fine 

 vegetation." 



The author once had in the tropics, at a depth of 

 6 to 7 fathoms, the help of divers, and it proved a 

 great success. Berthold attained much by diving him- 

 self ; unfortunately, diving is not a very tempting 

 occupation. 



Collectors should not forget to search the coast 

 carefully after a stormy day, for at the time of matu- 

 rity, the algse of deeper water are more or less readily 

 torn away from their attachments ; they rise to the 

 surface, or near to it, and are drifted ashore, especially 

 after storms. 



To the collecting apparatus belongs, first of all, a 

 general receptacle for the transport of the collected 



