﻿GEOLOGY, 
  57 
  

  

  crossing 
  Labrea 
  Creek. 
  In 
  the 
  first 
  two 
  the 
  dip 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  is 
  mod- 
  

   erate 
  and 
  the 
  disturbance 
  is 
  not 
  great. 
  

  

  DISTRIBUTION. 
  

  

  An 
  idea 
  of 
  the 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  Fernando 
  may 
  be 
  well 
  obtained 
  

   from 
  the 
  map 
  (PL 
  I, 
  in 
  pocket), 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  covered 
  by 
  so 
  many 
  forma- 
  

   tions 
  as 
  the 
  older 
  series. 
  It 
  is 
  much 
  more 
  widespread 
  near 
  the 
  surface, 
  

   however, 
  than 
  appears 
  on 
  the 
  map, 
  since 
  it 
  is 
  probably 
  present 
  and 
  

   hidden 
  by 
  only 
  thin 
  deposits 
  over 
  a 
  great 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  area 
  mapped 
  

   as 
  terrace 
  deposits 
  and 
  alluvium. 
  

  

  The 
  general 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  Fernando 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  filling. 
  Its 
  soft, 
  

   loose, 
  spreading 
  sands, 
  which 
  preserve 
  poorly 
  evidence 
  of 
  low 
  folds, 
  

   form 
  moundlike 
  hills 
  and 
  broad 
  valleys 
  that 
  convey 
  the 
  idea 
  of 
  a 
  

   filled 
  topography. 
  But, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  harder 
  beds 
  and 
  surface 
  

   cappings 
  due 
  to 
  hardening 
  by 
  iron 
  oxide, 
  which 
  not 
  uncommonly 
  pro- 
  

   duce 
  sharp, 
  square 
  outlines, 
  are 
  marked 
  features 
  of 
  the 
  topography, 
  

   as 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Mount 
  Solomon, 
  at 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  Howard 
  Canyon. 
  

   On 
  the 
  northeastern 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  Casmalia 
  Hills, 
  between 
  Schumann 
  

   and 
  Graciosa 
  Canyon, 
  a 
  lime-hardened 
  sandstone 
  predominates 
  and 
  

   forms 
  a 
  prominent 
  ridge. 
  In 
  the 
  Santa 
  Rita 
  Hills 
  the 
  lines 
  of 
  structure 
  

   that 
  there 
  curve 
  around 
  from 
  a 
  westerly 
  direction 
  to 
  the 
  southeast 
  are 
  

   brought 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  resistant 
  limestone 
  winch 
  supports 
  the 
  northeast 
  

   flanks 
  of 
  the 
  hills. 
  The 
  w 
  T 
  ide-stretching 
  foothills 
  of 
  the 
  San 
  Rafael 
  

   Range 
  north 
  of 
  Santa 
  Ynez 
  have 
  a 
  character 
  all 
  their 
  own. 
  They 
  are 
  

   formed 
  of 
  gravel, 
  clay, 
  and 
  sand 
  that 
  have 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  belong- 
  

   ing 
  to 
  a 
  fresh 
  or 
  brackish 
  water 
  series, 
  and 
  they 
  stand 
  out 
  with 
  many 
  

   bold 
  faces 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  cut 
  in 
  the 
  soft 
  formation, 
  as 
  illustrated 
  in 
  

   PL 
  VI, 
  A. 
  Elsewhere 
  the 
  dominant 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  Fernando 
  and 
  

   its 
  topographic 
  forms 
  are 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  soft 
  sand 
  which 
  forms 
  the 
  major 
  

   portion 
  of 
  the 
  series. 
  

  

  EVIDENCE 
  OF 
  AGE. 
  

  

  At 
  least 
  five 
  and 
  probably 
  six 
  distinct 
  horizons 
  are 
  recognizable 
  in 
  

   the 
  Fernando 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  characteristic 
  fossil 
  faunas. 
  The 
  locali- 
  

   ties 
  at 
  which 
  these 
  different 
  faunas 
  occur, 
  named 
  in 
  their 
  probable 
  

   relative 
  order, 
  beginning 
  with 
  the 
  oldest, 
  are 
  as 
  follows: 
  

  

  (a) 
  South 
  of 
  Waldorf 
  in 
  soft 
  shale; 
  south 
  and 
  east 
  of 
  Sisquoc 
  in 
  fine 
  sandstone. 
  

  

  (6) 
  "Sea-urchin 
  bed," 
  Squires 
  (Santa 
  Maria 
  Oil 
  and 
  Gas) 
  lease; 
  California 
  Coast 
  

   lease; 
  south 
  of 
  Graciosa-Western 
  Union 
  wells; 
  west 
  of 
  Harris 
  Canyon; 
  vicinity 
  

   of 
  Hill 
  wells 
  in 
  the 
  Lompoc 
  field; 
  and 
  near 
  head 
  of 
  Howard 
  Canyon. 
  

  

  (c) 
  Waldorf 
  asphalt 
  mine, 
  railroad 
  cut 
  1 
  mile 
  northeast 
  of 
  Schumann; 
  Pennsylvania 
  

  

  asphalt 
  mine 
  at 
  east 
  end 
  of 
  Graciosa 
  Ridge; 
  all 
  in 
  gray 
  shale 
  or 
  fine 
  gray 
  sand- 
  

   stone. 
  

  

  (d) 
  Waldorf 
  asphalt 
  mine; 
  railroad 
  cut 
  1 
  mile 
  northeast 
  of 
  Schumann; 
  Fugler 
  Point 
  

  

  asphalt 
  mine; 
  Sisquoc 
  (or 
  Alcatraz) 
  asphalt 
  mine; 
  and 
  points 
  along 
  north 
  flank 
  

   of 
  Casmalia 
  Hills, 
  in 
  coarse 
  sandstone 
  or 
  conglomerate. 
  

  

  (e) 
  East 
  end 
  of 
  Folsom 
  lease 
  in 
  soft 
  sandstone. 
  

  

  (/) 
  Fresh 
  or 
  brackish 
  water 
  beds 
  immediately 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  Canada 
  Laguna 
  

   Seca. 
  

  

  