xcv 



twice a year however, these intruders can be readily 

 removed and destroyed ; and the iish which are the ob- 

 jects of the farmer's special care be allowed to exist and 

 multiply unmolested. 



When the utilization of an ordinary ice-pond for Carp 

 culture is contemplated, the essential j)oints to be re- 

 garded are so simple that it is only necessary to suggest 

 them in order to the guidance of the most inexperienced 

 culturist. In the preparation of ponds of this character 

 it is not necessary that the drainage from the surround- 

 ing fields should be diverted, except when excessive in 

 quantity or liable to become so after a heavy fall of rain. 

 A certain amount of such drainage, indeed, often proves 

 beneficial, as considerable quantities of food, generally 

 of a very desirable nature, are thus conveyed into 

 the ponds ; in the event of its being admitted, however, 

 an "overflow" must be provided, which should be well 

 protected by wire-cloth screens to prevent the escape of 

 the fish. As this overflow constitutes the most import- 

 ant feature to be regarded in the construction of a pond, 

 it is necessary that it be first and carefully considered. 



For the purposes of illustration, there are shown in the 

 accompanying plates the details of a pond which is 

 supposed to be located in a meadow, through which 

 fiows a rivulet or small stream ; and formed upon 

 two sides, by embankments of earth obtained 

 by the removal of a portion of the soil from the enclosed 

 space. The water may be supplied either by introducing 

 it from the rivulet itself, at some higher point ; or, as in 

 this illustration, from a spring in the adjacent meadow, 

 supplemented by the surface drainage from the surround- 

 ing high land. 



A small tributary of the rivulet is utilized in this in- 

 stance to carry off the surplus water which is allowed to 

 escape from the pond through the overflow indicated at 

 the point 0. 



A, shows the apparatus for emptying the pond ; the 



