EARLY DEVOXIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA I 5 



summits can be read as deposits laid down on the open coasts of the late 

 Devonic and perhaps early Carbonic time. 



The Folds and Folded Rocks 



The rocks with which we are most directly concerned are laid in secon- 

 dary folds. The primary or early folds are those which find their center or 

 protaxis about the Shickshock or Notre Dame mountains, south of the 

 St Lawrence shore, well inland and westward of the country that now engages 

 us. About this ridge of Precambric crystallines are the great areas of 

 crumpled slates which are designated by the Canadian geologists Cambric 

 and Cambro-siluric and which build the rock walls fronting the great river as 

 far as Cape Rosier. These early paleozoic rocks in the St Lawrence valley, 

 believed to represent strata continuing to the close of the Lower Siluric, 

 are so irregularly disposed that their unconformity with the beds above is 

 evident. The early upturning of the old paleozoics here did not involve 

 the same rocks far south of the St Lawrence valley for at Perce the Siluric 

 strata were folded up together with the Devonic, a fact which demonstrates 

 the later age of the southern folds. The valley of the lower St Lawrence 

 river was outlined by the primary folding but was not completed till the 

 date of the great folds of Devonic age, which now face its southern shore 

 on the Forillon. Nor did the folding of the Lower Siluric rocks in the 

 St Lawrence valley involve those of later Siluric date further to the north- 

 east, for strata of Middle and Upper Siluric age lie undisturbed on the 

 island of Anticosti, out of the reach of appalachian disturbance. 



The great rock folds of Gaspe now apparent in the topography and 

 involving the Devonic limestones and sandstones in northern Gaspe and 

 also the Siluric limestones and shales in the Perce region, were determined 

 by Logan and his successors as five in number. 



I The anticlinal axis of the first or northernmost has been torn away 

 by sea and weather but the southern limb is represented by the great lime- 

 stone banks of the Forillon, the sea-gnawed remnants of majestic hills, and 

 the course of this fold is essentially parallel to the St LaAvrence river, 

 bending from southeast to north and then to southwest in the broad curve 

 which gives unique expression to all the appalachian courses of the region. 



