EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 139 



paniment of a decadent organic type. It is not in them then, their presence, 

 arrangement, number or strength that we should look for crucial generic 

 traits ; rather they serve to obscure such characters. Several lichad genera, 

 Terataspis, Hoplolichas, Ceratolichas, have been chiefly based on these 

 ephemeral phenomena while it is in the form and degree of glabellar loba- 

 tion that the more dependable differentials are to be found. In this respect 

 there is here senescent return to the typical expression of the genus in the 

 early Siluric, i. e., in the fused lateral lobes and the irregularly hour-glass 

 shaped middle lobe, more prominent in front. Ceratolichas, founded on 

 small species from the Onondaga limestone of New York, bears a similar 

 elongate, though more elevated, frontal lobe with a single, double or even 

 triple pair of recurved spines at its posterior end. Terataspis grand! s, 

 the magnificent species of the Schoharie grit of New York and the Decew- 

 ville beds of Ontario, has an egg-shaped, highly constricted glabella without 

 spines, but stout spines on the lateral lobes and a row of club-like projections 

 on the occipital ring. Ceratolichas ' also bears a pair of strong spines on 

 the free cheeks and a long double central pair on- the neck ring. Fugitive 

 as such expressions must be we fail to express the important share of these 

 forms in the phylogeny of the genus if they are left solely with the designa- 

 tion of the typical or Siluric forms like L. laciniatus Dalman on which 

 the genus was founded. I should not, therefore, place L. f o r i 1 1 o n i a 

 with any of the genera above specified but purpose to express its singular 

 distinctiveness in the subgeneric term Gaspelichas. 



Dimensions. The largest of the specimens affords the following meas- 

 urements : Probable entire length to tip of axial spine, 90 mm; length of 

 posterior glabellar spine (not restored), 41 mm; on the curve, 55 mm; 

 greatest vertical hight of anterior spines (not restored), 30 mm; length of 

 lateral occipital spines, 27 mm; vertical hight of spine on cheek, 30 mm. 

 These figures indicate that the species is one of the largest as well as the 

 most extravagantly ornamented of all forms of Lichas. It is surpassed in 

 dimensions only by Terataspis grandis and Uralichas ribeiroi, 

 the lords of this tribe. Equipped with cerements of mortality, successors 

 of this genus Gaspelichas are hardly to be expected. 



Localities. Chiefly in the lowest beds of the Grande Greve limestones 

 on Dolbel's brook with Hipparionyx proximus, Megalanteris, 

 Leptostrophia magnifica. Also in the higher cherty beds along 

 the shore at Grande Greve. 



' C. gry p s H. & C. C. d r a c o n H. & C. See Palaeontology of New York, v. 7, 

 pi. 19B., fig. 7-i8b. 



