RECAPITULATION OF PALEOZOIC EOBMATIONS. 151 



with a few bands of dark-red or purplish sandy shale. It contains fish plates and 

 scales, and a rich invertebrate fauna like that of the lower Trenton of New York. 

 The Fremont limestone is a bluish-gray or pinkish dolomite of uneven grain. It is 

 100 feet thick in Garden Park, but increases southward, reaching a maximum of 270 

 feet near Canyon. It is characterized hy Halysites catenulatus, and contains also a 

 large invertebrate fauna like the upper Trenton of New York. The Harding is 

 separated from the Manitou limestone by an unconformitj', and the Fremont is simi- 

 larlj' separated from the overlying Millsap limestone. As the distribution of these 

 formations is far from uniform, and as the Pikes Peak quadrangle contains portions 

 of two distinct and different areas of outcrop, I will depart from the artificial collo- 

 cation of the folio and discuss the areas in their natural relations. 



Ordovician sti'ata are known along the Front Range in Colorado at Perry Park, 

 at Manitou Park, near Colorado Springs, and about Can^-on. 



Between the outcrops in the vicinity of Colorado Springs and those to the north 

 of Canyon a small area of Silurian is i-epresented in the Hayden atlas. Of these beds 

 no description has been found, but presumablj' they comprise some of the forma- 

 tions discriminated h\ Cross in the Pikes Peak quadrangle just to the west. In 

 addition to the foregoing, King distinguishes in Wyoming a series at the base of the 

 Red Beds which he correlates with the Black Hills Primordial, and regards as the 

 representative of almost the whole of Paleozoic time. The beds immediately over- 

 l}'ing contain Pennsylvanian fossils, and both series are included under the Carbonif- 

 erous color in bands extending along both flanks of the Front Range, the more 

 eastern of these reaching from Wyoming a short distance into Colorado. This 

 correlation with the Black Hills beds is based upon lithology and position, and 

 lies especially between the Cambrian of the Black Hills and of the Front Range. 

 The presence of Ordovician beds in the series discriminated by King remains an 

 open question. 



The Pikes Peak quadrangle includes part of the Manitou Park tract. In this 

 area onh" the Manitou limestone appears and it derives its name from this occurrence. 

 Peale has given a number of sections in Manitou Park, and these show the fol- 

 lowing characters of this formation, its equivalents being ascertained as well as I am 

 able. The section on page 207, made on a small stream flowing into Trout Creek, 



is as follows: 



Section near Trout Creek. 



Feet. 

 3. White massive limestone i 



•i. Shaly-white limestone > 



5. Pink limestone ' 30 



6. Green sandstone 4 



7. Brown- purplish sandstone 6 



8. Yellow sandstone 



9. Granite 



