DESCEIPTIOKS OF SPECIES. 393 



1874. Spirifera {Martinia) perplexa. Derby, Cornell Univ., (Science) Bull., vol. 1, No. 2, p. 16, pi. 3, 

 figs. 27, 39, 40, 45, 50; pi. 8, fig. 13. 

 Coal Measui-es: Bomjardim and Ita,ituba, Brazil, and Kiver Pichis, Peru. 



1881. Spirifera {Martinia) lineata? White, U. S. Geog. Geol. Surv. W. 100th Mer., Kept., vol. 3, Appen- 



dix, p. xii. 

 Coal Measures: Upper Mississippi River region. 



1882. Spirifer (Martinia,) Kneatus. White, Geol. Surv. Indiana, 11th Eept., p. 372, pi. 42, figs. 4-6. 

 Coal Measures: Eugene, Ind. 



1884. Spirifer [Martinia) Kneatus. White, Geol. Surv. Indiana, 13th Eept., p. 133, pi. 27, figs. 4-6. 



Coal Measures: Fountain, Park, Vermilion, Vigo, Sullivan, Gibson, Pike, Knox, Posey, Van- 

 derburg, and Warrick counties. Ind. 

 1886. Spirifer lineatxis? Heilprin, 2d Geol. Surv. Pennsylvania, Ann. Eept. for 1885, p. 453. 



Upper Coal Measures: Mill Creek Umestone, Wilkesbarre, Pa. 



1886. Spirifer lineatusf Heilprin, Proc. and Coll. Wyoming Hist, and Geol. Soc, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 269. 

 Upper Coal Measures: Mill Creek limestone, Wilkesbarre, Pa. 



1887. Spirifera {Martinia) Kneataf Herrick, Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., Bull., vol. 2, p. 46, pi. 1, figs. 



13a-c. 

 Coal Measures: Flint Eidge, Ohio. 



1888. Spirifera Kneata. Keyes, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Proc, p. 230. 

 Lower Coal Measures: Des Moines, Iowa. 



1891. Spirifer (Martinia) lineata. Whitfield, New York Acad. Sci., Ann., vol. 5, p. 603, pi. 16, figs. 3-5. 

 Coal Measures: Hocking County, Ohio. 



1893. Spirifer Kneatus. Hall and Clarke, Pal. New York, vol. 8, pt. 2, pp. 10, 11, 17, 21, 30, 39, pi. 38, 



figs. 2, 4, 7, 8. (Not Sjy. Uneatus Martin.) (Advance distribution in fascicles.) 

 Coal Measures: Iowa. 



1894. Spirifera peqylexa. Keyes, Missouri Geol. Surv., vol. 5, p. 84. (Date of imprint, 1894.) 

 Upper Coal Measures: Kansas City, Mo. 



1895. Spirifera (Martinia) lineata. Whitfield, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Eept., vol. 7, p. 488, pi. 12, figs. 3-5. 

 Coal Measures: Hocking County, Ohio. 



1895. Spirifer Kneatus. Hall and Clarke, Pal. New York, vol. 8, pt. 2, pp. 10, 11, 17, 21, 30, 39, pi. 38, 

 figs. 2, 4, 7, 8. (Not Sp. Kneatus Martin.) 

 Coal Measures: Iowa. i 



1899. Reticularia perplexa. Girty, U. S. Geol. Surv., Nineteenth Ann. Eept., pt. 3, p. 577, pi. 72, 



fig. la. , • 



Upper Coal Measures: McAlester quadrangle. 



1900. Reticularia pierjylexa. Beede, Univ. Geol. Surv. Kansas, Eept., p. 102, pi. 12, figs. 4-4c. 

 Upper and Lower Coal Measures to base of Permian: Fort Scott, lola, Lawrence, Topeka, Kans. 



This species is more numerous, if not more widely distributed, perhaps, than a.ny 

 in the collection, having been found at no less than 30 localities. While perfect and 

 well-preserved examples could scarcelj' be mistaken, in practice it has not always 

 been found an easy matter to distinguish individual specimens when poorlj^ preserved 

 or imperfect, or both, from Seminula- svhtilita, or in the case of young examples, 

 from Anihoc<xlia pl'aniconvexa. The peculiarities of surface ornamentation, which in 

 exfoliated specimens or even in internal casts can usually be relied on to distinguish 



