Williams.] SILLIMAN, HITCHCOCK, FEATHERSTONHAUGH. 35 



titled " Geological Equivalents," in which is given a list of " names of 

 strata which are known to geologists of both continents, with some of 

 their organic associations in North America." In the list eighty species 

 are named. The names were taken, of Mollusca, chiefly, from Sowerby, 

 of Radiata, from Goldfuss, of Grnstacea, from Brongniart. It is an at- 

 tempt to recognize the European strata in America, adopting the Bake- 

 wellian adaptation of Werner's system, and there are necessarily many 

 gross errors. 



In an article in the American Journal of Science, Prof. Silliman, the 

 editor, reviewed u Phillips's Geology of Yorkshire," which had been pub- 

 lished in 1 829. In the course of his remarks we find the following state- 

 ment: "Werner and Smith are, therefore, the leaders of the modern 

 school of geology," and " Smith has the great merit of establishing the 

 facts that different strata contain different fossils, but that the same 

 sratum over a very large extent of country contains generally the same 

 fossils, hence he deduces the important conclusion that strata may be 

 discriminated and indentified by their organic contents." 1 



Edward Hitchcock reported 2 on the " Geology of Massachusetts," 

 which he had examined under the direction of the government of that 

 State, during the years 1830-31. Part first, or economical geology, was 

 published in the Journal, and in a foot-note the editor said that "this is 

 the first example in this country of the geological survey of an entire 

 State." In this report the Connecticut River sandstone is called the 

 " New Red sandstone," the opinion formerly expressed in regard to 

 coal occurring in Connecticut and Massachusetts is reconsidered, and 

 in the present article the coal formation of this region is regarded as 

 belonging to the New Red sandstone or its equivalent. 3 The Worcester 

 anthracite is regarded as in older rocks than that of Rhode Island, and 

 the Pennsylvania anthracite is reported as occurring in the higher beds 

 of the Grauwacke, and as belonging to a newer horizon than that of 

 the Rhode Island coal. 



Geo.W. Featherstonhaugh 4 did little more in the way of classification 

 than theoretically to adapt the system of Conybeare to America. The 

 table of formations is as follows : (details only of the parts pertaining 

 to the present discussion are here given): 



Feet, 

 f 17. Lyas 



| 16. Variegated or red marl 500 



o j:«i i„. J 15. Muschelkalk 300 



feupermedial order.. ^ u New Red 8andstone . 



Secondary.. { 



^Medial order 



. 13. Zechsteiu 500 



V 12. Exeter red conglomerate 500 



11. Coal beds 1,000 



10. Millstone grit and shales 800 



9. Carboniferous limestone 850 



8. Old Red sandstone 1,500 



1 Aw. Jour.Sci., vol. 22, pp. 4, 11-12. 

 2 Ibid.,pp.l-70 

 a Ibid. p. 43. 



4 Featherstonhaugh, G. W. : On the order of succession of the rocks composing the crust of the earth 

 Monthly Ain. Jour. Geol. and Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 1832, pp. 337-347. 



