I 



wiMJAMs.] THE FIRST OHIO SURVEY. * 41 



published in 1838. The director of the work, and editor-in-chief, was 

 W. W. Mather. The volume contains reports by Mather, 1 O. Whit- 

 tlesey, 2 J. W. Foster, 3 C. Briggs, jr., 4 and J. Locke. 5 



In the geological parts of this report we have general descriptions 

 of the regions surveyed and some location of the order of the strata, 

 as seen particularly in a "table representing the geological structure 

 of Ohio," 6 prepared by C. Briggs, jr., which is" as follows: 



The rocks of the State are divided into six formations, which, from 

 above downward, are in the following order: "(1) Alluvium, (2) Ter- 

 tiary, (3) Coal Measures, (4) Fine-grained sandstone, (5) Shales, and 

 (6) Mountain limestone." 



The " Mountain limestone (G)," which is said to be about a thousand 

 feet in thickness, and is defined as "beds of limestone intermixed with 

 chert," judging from the localities in which it is identified, is probably 

 the Oorniferous limestone. The " Fine-grained sandstone (4)," underly- 

 ing the Coal Measures, is apparently the "Waverly sandstone series" 

 of the first report. 



In John Locke's report 7 a generalized section of the southwestern 

 part of Ohio is given. In this section the following deposits are recog- 

 nized, beginning at the bottom with " (1) Blue limestone," [the Cincin- 

 nati limestone], " (2) Marie, (3) Flinty limestone, (4) Marie, (5) Cliff 

 limestone, including basins of iron ore, (6) Bituminous slate, and (7) 

 Fine-grained sandstone." 



It will be seen from this report that nothing had been done to cor- 

 relate accurately the deposits with any of the systems then in use. 

 Mather was one of the corps of geologists engaged in the State survey 

 of New York, and it was not until later than 1838 that the New York 

 geologists had adopted any systematic classification of rocks. 



In Houghton's report of the survey of Michigan, the coal formation 

 was recoguized, but the classification was not correlated with the 

 European system, and merely the nature of the rocks and their order 

 were defined. 



In Indiaua identifications had been made of the "coal formation" 

 and " Subcarboniferous rocks," including the "Oolitic limestone, 

 Hydraulic limestone, etc.," which were rightly identified in their strati- 

 graphic relations to the Carboniferous. They were regarded by D. D. 

 Owen as similar to the Mountain limestone of the Europeans. 8 



In Tennessee (fourth report, by G. Troost), the " Primordial," the 

 " Grauwacke," the " Mountain limestone," and the " Coal Measures " 

 were distinguished, and an immense deposit of sandstone was recog- 

 nized between the Grauwacke and the Mountain limestone which was 

 regarded as equivalent to the Old Red sandstone of the European geol- 

 ogists. 9 



1 Pp. 1-40. 6 Loc.cit.,p. 108. 



2 Pp. 41-72. 'Seep. 205. 



3 Pp. 73-107. 8 See Aru. Jour. Sci., vol. 34, p. 193. 



4 Pp. 109-154. 9 Ibid., p. 187. 

 6 Pp. 203-286. 



