williams.] CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS. 17 



1. Sandstone : Conglomerate, Breccia, including — 



First or Red sandstone, with the coal formation, or 

 Old Red sandstone of Jameson, 

 Aelter rother Sandstein of Werner. 

 Rothe-todte-liegende of German miners, 

 Gres ancien of Daubuisson. 



The coal formation is the " coal measures " or "coal fields " of the Eng- 

 lish miners, the "Steinkohlengebirge" of Werner, "Terrain houiller" 

 of Daubuisson, " Terrain a charbon de terre " of older French writers. 



It includes coal, slate, sandstone, quartz rock, clay, trap, graphite. 

 Coal is either black coal or " glance " or " blind." The coal formation 

 rests on the Mountain limestone or Red sandstone, and underlies the 

 Magnesian limestone. 



The second sandstone is the New Red or Variegated sandstone, the 

 " bunter Sandstein " of Werner, " Red Ground" of English geologists, 

 "New Red' 7 of Buckland, "New Red or Variegated sandstone "of 

 Jameson. The second formation of " gres " and " gres avec argil," and 

 " gres bigarre." It rests upon the second or Magnesian limestone. 



The third sandstone formation, "Green Sand" of English geologists, 

 " third sandstone formation " of Jameson and Daubuisson, " Quader- 

 sandstein " of Werner. It rests upon the upper Oolite, and is covered 

 by the chalk. 



The fourth sandstone formation is associated with the rocks that rest 

 upon the chalk. 



2. Secondary or Floetz limestone : There are five of these, called first, 

 second, third, fourth, and fifth secondary limestones. 



The first secondary limestone of Jameson is the " Alpine and Jura 

 limestoue " of the Germans and some French authors, and the " Moun- 

 tain limestone" of English geologists, In regular succession it comes 

 after the Old Red sandstone. 



The second secondary limestone of Jameson is probably the " Erster 

 Floetz Kalkstein" of Werner, the "Magnesian limestone" of English 

 authors, and rests upon the coal formation. 



The third secondary limestone of Jameson is the "Muschel Kalkstein" 

 of Werner, " Oolite," of Buckland, " Lias and Oolite," of others. 



The fourth secondary limestone is the "Chalk," the " Kreidegebirge " 

 of Werner, and rests upon the third sandstone. 



The fifth secondary limestone. (See the "Paris formation.") 



3. The Secondary Gypsum of Jameson, the " Floetz Gyps" of Werner. 

 This included the first and second gypsum, also the "Steinsalzgebirge," 

 of Werner. In this second class were also included the formations 

 above chalk, or the Paris formation, the " Terrain Tertiare " of Dau- 

 buisson, which includes seven different beds. 



Class IV. Alluvial roclcs. 



Up to the end of the first quarter of the century very little knowledge 

 was possessed of the characteristic fossils contained in geological de- 

 Bull. 80 2 



