148 THE DEVONIAN AND CARBONIFEROUS. [bull. 80. 



tion of the Waverly with the Chemung. 1 Later, when .Mr. Meek had 

 become better acquainted with fossils, he corrected the mistake. 



"Chouteau group," the name proposed later by Mr. Broadhead in 1879, 

 is a proper designation for the rocks in question, and had Swallow pro- 

 posed it in 1855, the name Kinderhook group would have been super- 

 fluous. 



In the report of the Geological Survey in Kentucky, 2 made in 1854 

 and 1855, by D. D. Owen, principal geologist, and printed in 1856, the 

 "Anvil Rock n is named and defined. 



The name is applied to a massive sandstone separating the Lower 

 Coal Measures from the Upper Coal Measures of southwestern Ken. 

 tucky. The title is a popular one originally applied to an immense mass 

 of the sandstone, which has somewhat the form of an anvil, in Union 

 County, Kentucky, a figure of which is given. 3 The name was extended 

 to the sandstone formation of which this rock was a part. 



In this volume the term " Subcarboniferous n is applied to the lime- 

 stone below, separated from the Coal Measures by sandstones, shales, 

 and conglomerates, which together are regarded as representing the 

 11 Millstone grit." The ■' Subcarboniferous " includes "Archimedes lime- 

 stone " of the Dismal Creek section and " limestones with Pentremites 

 and Archimedes " of other sections. 



The author 4 subdivides the " Subcarboniferous" into— 



1. Archimedes and Pentremital limestone. 



2. Lithostrontion or Barren limestone group. 



3. The lower part of this is more argillaceous and may constitute a third divi- 



sion. 



4. Subcarboniferous sandstone (Jefferson and Bullitt Counties). This is the 



Knob formation. Under this lies the " Black Liugula shale," "Coralline 

 Falls limestone," "Chain Coral and Magnesian limestone," and " Blue Shell 

 limestone marl." 



In 1856, 5 in the Subcarboniferous limestones near Warsaw, A. H. 

 Wortlien discovered the remains of fish in considerable abundance, and 

 later two other beds were found lower down in the series. 



The upper fish bed is situated in the Lower Archimedes limestone, 

 the fossil remains consisting entirely of palate teeth. At the base of 

 this limestone is the middle bed, in which the more abundant remains 

 are mostly jaw teeth, with a few palate teeth and spines. 



The lower bed was first observed in Quiucy, Illinois, near the top of 

 the Burlington Crinoidal limestone, and subsequently in Henderson 

 County, Illinois, and at Augusta, Iowa. As the fossil remains in this 

 bed are much smaller than those mentioned above, the author inferred 



1 See Geol. of Iowa, vol 1. 



2 Report of the geological survey in Kentucky, made in 1854 and 1855. By D. D. Owen, principal 

 geologist, Frankfort, Kentucky, 1856. 



3 Ibid., PL in, opp. p. 45. 



4 Ibid., pp. 81, 82, 89, 90, 91, 95, 97, 98. 



6 Wortlien, A. H. : On the occurrence of fish remains in the carboniferous limestone of Illinois. Am. 

 Assoc, Proc, vol. 10, pt. 2, 1856, pp. 189-192. 





