wiltjams.] OWEN, SWALLOW. 151 



of limestones on the south of the Ohio River. All the members of these 

 limestones thin out, with the exception of the " Kaskaskia limestone," 

 which predominates over the whole country, and is there the great 

 '• Carboniferous limestone." 



In 1857 Owen 1 recognized the following classification at the Falls of 

 Ohio: 2 



1. Black bi tuminous shale. 



2. Upper Crinoidal, shell, and coralline limestones above. 



3. Hydraulic limestone. 



4. Lower Crinoidal, shell, and coralline limestones. 



5. Olivanites bed. 



6. Spirifera gregaria and shell and coralline beds. 



7. Main beds of coral limestone, resting upon the "chain coral limestone" 



(Niagara). 



In the base of No. 2, on Conn Island, fish remains were found, and 

 this stratum is called the " Upper Fish bed." A lower fish bed was seen 

 at the base of No. 6, called the " Turbo bed" in general, the subdivi- 

 sions of which are given as follows of Nos. 6 and 7 : 



f Shell beds} £' Conocardium bed inches.. 7 



{ B. Leptama bed feet.. 6 



6. <{ Parting chert layers _""_ ^ 0- ] 3 



Coral layers "!dol"! 7 



LVery hard rock j "^ 2 



7. Main coral beds J J- gwk gray bed 



£ a. Black coralline layer. 



This rests upon the (Niagara) " chain coral bed." 



G. C. Swallow 3 gave a brief description of the formations of Missouri 

 and the contained minerals. He reported that the stratified rocks of 

 Missouri belong to the following divisions, enumerated in descending 

 order : 



I. Quaternary. 

 II. Tertiary. 



III. Cretaceous. 



IV. Carboniferous. 

 V. Devonian. 



VI. Silurian. 



In giving a detailed account of each system, he considered the Carbo- 

 niferous as presenting the following divisions : 



(1) Upper Carboniferous or Coal Measures. 



(2) Lower Carboniferous or Mountain Limestone. 



The upper series is made up of sandstones, limestones, and shales, 

 amounting to 1,500 feet in thickness, containing numerous beds of iron 

 ore and ten beds of workable coal. The lower series, about 1,745 feet 

 in thickness, includes " Chester limestone," " Ferruginous sandstone," 

 " St. Louis limestone," "Archimedes limestone." 



1 Geological survey of Kentucky, second annual report, 1857. 



2 Ibid., p. 97. 



* (Explanations of the geological map of Missouri, and a section of its rocks. Froo. Amer. Assoc, 

 vol. 11, pt. 2, 1857, pp. 1-21. 



