Williams. J MEEK AND WORTHEN. 191 



Mr. 0. A. White, in which he u shows that, out of a list of 102 described 

 species occurring in the Burlington limestone, 15 commenced their 

 existence in the beds below, referred by Ball to the Chemung, which, 

 as is well known, represents the Chouteau limestone of Swallow." 



After noting the intimate connection between these beds and the 

 Carboniferous rocks above and remembering that the Chemung group 

 in New York and Pennsylvania is covered by another Devonian forma- 

 tion (the Old Eed sandstone) between 2,000 and 3,000 feet thick, the 

 questions arose, should these Chouteau beds be referred to the Che- 

 mung Horizon ? Is it possible that a great formation like the Old Red 

 sandstone, with its own fauna, is wauting here between the Chouteau 

 and Burlington limestones'? The authors say, if asked what is to be 

 done with the fossils of these rocks apparently identical with the Che- 

 mung forms, that they do not consider this identity proved, and find, 

 if some are uudistiuguishable from Chemung species, there are numer- 

 ous other fossils totally distinct from them, closely allied with Carbon- 

 iferous forms, and even identical with them. Mr. C. A. White had in- 

 ferred from the presence of these " Chemung " species " that they origi- 

 nated at the east and were migrating westward during the time that the 

 bottom of the Chemung seas was sinking and receiving upon it the 

 deposit of the Old Red sandstone, thus making these Devonian rocks 

 equivalent to the Chemung of New York, and contemporaneous, at 

 least in part, with the Old Red of the Catskill Mountains." But tbe 

 authors add that iu that case they should not refer the rock in which 

 the Chemung forms occur to the Chemung, but either to the Old Red 

 or to the Carbouiferous, as in using these names they refer to a period 

 of time, as well as to a group of strata, and they consider that the 

 entire group of fossils is far more nearly allied to the Carboniferous 

 than to the Old Red. 



In conclusion they affirm " that the relations between the Chouteau 

 and Burlington limestones in Missouri, Iowa, and Illinois, where both 

 occur together, as well as of the affinities of the fossils found in the 

 former in the States mentioned, and at Rockford, Indiana, show that 

 it should probably be referred to the Carboniferous system, or, at any 

 rate that it is much more recent than the Chemung, and not equivalent 

 to any New York rock.' 7 



In a note on p. 288 of vol. 32, the authors propose the name " Kin- 

 derhook Group " for " the beds lying between the Black slate and the 

 Burlington limestone which have heretofore been considered the equiv- 

 alents of the Chemung group of New York." 



Messrs. C. A. White and R. P. Whitfield dissented from the views 

 expressed in the above paper in an article published in the Proceedings 

 of the Boston Society, 1 the same year. Their chief objection was to 



1 " Observations on the rocks of the Mississippi Valley which have been referred to the Chemnng 

 group of New York, together with descriptions of new species from the same horizon at Burlington, 

 Iowa." by C. A. White and It. P. Whitfield. Boston, Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc, vol. 8, pp. 289-306. Re- 

 viewed by " Anon." Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser. , vol. 33, pp. 422-426. 



