williams.] SWALLOW, HAWN, MEEK, HAYDEN. 197 



Messrs. Swallow and Hawn, 1 in "The Eocks of Kansas," 1858, gave a 

 section with 820 feet of "Permian rocks" above the Coal Measures, and 

 still higher, 420J feet of Triassic(f). They enumerate 72 species as Per- 

 mian; 30 of these are identified with* species before described; others 

 are doubtfully referred to described species or are given new names. 



In the article in the American Journal of Science, Swallow 2 acknowl- 

 edged that Mr. Meek first discovered the Permian character of the Kan- 

 sas fossils, and communicated it to Hawn September 3, 1857, and ver- 

 bally to a friend at the Smithsonian January 17, 1858, and to Leidy the 

 16th of March, 1858, and lie stated that Hawn first received the idea 

 from Meek. 3 



Messrs. Hayden and Meek 4 found upon more thorough study of section 

 and fossils, and comparison with the Nebraska section, that only Swal- 

 low's Upper Permian of Kansas is equivalent to the European Permian, 

 and Swallow's Lower Permian, with several hundred feet of what he re- 

 garded as the top of the Coal Measures, in which Monotis was discovered 

 by Meek, they call transitional and name " Permo-Carboniferous,'* or, 

 if it must be placed one side or the other of the line, suggest that it be 

 put in the Carboniferous. 5 



In a paper 6 read in May, 1857, Meek and Hayden presented a section 

 of the rocks of Nebraska in which the base, of unknown thickness, is 

 called u Carboniferous." It is seen along the Missouri River at De Soto ; 

 and at Council Bluffs, at low stages of the river, fifteen or twenty feet 

 of it are exposed. This part is a yellow limestone, with Fusulina cylin- 

 drical and other Coal Measure fossils. 



Above this the section for five members is called " Cretaceous." 



No. 1 is described as yellowish and friable sandstones with alternation 

 of dark and whitish clays, seams and beds of impure lignite, fossil wood, 

 impressions of dicotyledonous leaves, Solen, Pectunculus, Gyprina, etc. 

 This bed is "not positively known to belong to the Cretaceous system." 

 The authors correlate this No. 1 with / of the New Jersey sections fur- 

 nished by G. H. Cook, " mainly resting the opinion upon stratigraphic 

 and lithologic evidence." Its correlation in the Alabama section is 

 with E of Alexander Winch elPs section. (See Table, beyond.) 



In the same paper is given a section of the rocks of Kansas furnished 

 by Hawn. It is a compiled section, based upon his observations made 



1 Reviewed Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 26, p. 115, and substantially the same paper read boforo the Am. 

 Assoc. Adv. Sci., at Baltimore, lacking the descriptions, and printed in the Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 26, p. 182. 



2 Vol. 25, p. 188. 



3 See also Hayden's paper, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 44, 1867, pp. 32-40. 



4 Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 27, 1859, pp. 31-35. 



5 See also notes explanatory of a map and section illustrating the geological structure of the country 

 bordering on the Missouri River, from the mouth of the Platte River to Fort Benton, in latitude 47° 

 30' N., longitude 110° 30' W., by F. V. Hayden, M. D., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 9, 1857, 109-116. 



6 Descriptions of new species and genera of fossils collected by Dr. F. V. Hayden in Nebraska Terri- 

 tory, under the direction of Lieut. G. K. Warren, IT. S. Topographical Engineer; with some remarks on 

 the Tertiary and Cretaceous formations of the Northwest, and the parallelism of the latter with those 

 of other portions of the United States and Territories, by F. B. Meek and F. V. Uayden, M. D., Proc. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 9, 1857, pp. 117-148. 



