206 THE DEVONIAN AND CARBONIFEROUS. Ibull.80. 



indicating his clear perception of the difference between identity or 

 resemblance of fossils, and absolute correlation of horizon. It may 

 be noted in passing that the solution of this problem, as in other differ- 

 ent cases, was by United State geologists ; the wide comparative meth- 

 ods of Hayden and Meek led to clearer views than those attained by 

 the local State geologists, Swallow and Shumard, although the latter 

 had closer familiarity with the country and opportunity to get a better 

 view of the local facts. 



Swallow reported his section along the south side of Kansas River 

 as follows (according to Meek and Hayden) : 



Cretaceous = Cretaceous. 



?Triassic Gyps. Sh. Marls, 388 feet =?Triassic. 



Upper Permian, 141 feet - = " So-called Permian." 



Lower Permian, 563 feet -- =Pormo-Carboniferous. 



Carboniferous = Carboniferous. 



Swallow stated that if his lower Permian is not Permian there is no 

 Permian in Kansas, etc. (p. 521), and defended the " unconformability." 

 He stated that Messrs. Marcou, Agassiz, Heer, Geinitz, Shumard, 

 Swallow, Hawn, D'Archiac and others differ from Messrs. Hayden and 

 Meek on the point in question (p. 522). The whole article is contro- 

 versial and adds little to the settlement of the problem, but brings out 

 clearly the attitudes of the disputants. 



The appearance of Permian types in the midst of rocks in which the 

 majority of the forms are typical Coal Measure forms, is taken by Meek 

 and Hayden as evidence of the earlier appearance of Permian types 

 in these regions of America than in those of Europe. 



In the final report of the Hayden survey of Nebraska, 1 Mr. F. B. 

 Meek gave a description of the fauna and fully described the correla- 

 tions of the Permian in Nebraska. 



He holds in this paper, in opposition to the view of Geinitz, that the 

 rocks of eastern Nebraska do not belong either to the Lower Cretaceous 

 or to the Permian. The terms Upper, Middle, and Lower Coal Meas- 

 ures are used to express parts of the Coal Measures not clearly divisi- 

 ble by fossils. He does not use the term " Lower Coal Measures " as 

 meaning below the Mountain limestone. 2 He proposes the name " Platte 

 Division " for the upper part of the Coal Measures as exhibited about 

 the mouth of the Platte River, at Bellevue, Plattesmouth, Rock Bluff, 

 and Nebraska City. This he estimates to be two or three hundred feet 

 thick*. His Division B outcrops at Nebraska City, Bennett's Mill, and 

 Wyoming ; Division C at Nebraska City, and he says that between C 

 and B there is no paleontologic or constant lithologic break. The 

 rocks of the Bellevue section were referred by Marcou to the mountain 



1 Meek, F. B. Report on the Paleontology of Eastern Nebraska with some remarks on the Car- 

 boniferous rocks of that district (pp. 81-261), constituting Pt. II. of "Final Report of the U. S. Geol. 

 Survey of Nebraska and portions of the adjacent territories, made under the direction of the com- 

 mission of the General Land Office" by F. V. Hayden, U. S. Geologist, Washington, 1872. 



2 Ibid., page 84. 



