212 THE DEVONIAN AND CARBONIFEROUS. | bull. 80. 



limestone, shaly, magnesian, or cherty, while the lo^wer layers are more 

 arenaceous. 



The highest coal series is seen in Greenwood County, its position 

 being about the base of the Permian or top of the true Upper Coal 

 Measures. 



One thousand five hundred feet of Permian beds in southern Kansas 

 are assumed. In this region it is the newest rock below the Quater^ 

 nary. It rests conformably on the Coal Measures, and there is no 

 decided line of separation between the two. 



The Permo-Carboniferous was identified in southern Kansas by Mr. 

 F. W. Cragin, in 1885. 1 



The most interesting feature of this region is the occurrence of a large 

 stratum of gypsum. This is considered as a Permo Carboniferous de- 

 posit. This horizon is entirely different from that of the gypsiferous 

 deposits represented in Barber and eastern Comanche Counties, which 

 is considered as Mesozoic. 



In 1886, commenting upon the Carboniferous and Permian rocks of 

 Nebraska, in the American Naturalist, 2 L. E. Hicks describes a series 

 of limestones and marls in Nebraska evidently distinct from the Coal 

 Measures. They are blue, yellow, and buff in color, and have a total 

 thickness of about 200 feet The dip at Big Blue Eiver from Beatrice 

 to Homesville is southeast; at Indian Creek it is west. Of the 123 

 species described by Meek from the Coal Measures, not more than 10 

 or 14 entered into the Permian. The author uses the term "Permian" 

 provisionally for these limestones and marls. 



1 Cragin, F. W. : Not6s on the geology of southern Kansas. Washhurn College Lab. Bull., vol. 1,1885, 

 pp. 85-91 and 112. 



2 Hicks, L. E. : The Permian in Nebraska. Am. Nat., vol. 20, 1886, pp. 881-883; abstract in Am. 

 Assoc. Proc, vol. 35, pp. 216, 217. 



