williams.] J. W. DAWSON. 231 



feet, consists cbietly of shales, sandstones, and limestones, and con- 

 tains a few brachiopods, fish scales, and plant remains. The third 

 division consists of sandstones, probably equivalent to the Millstone 

 grit of England, and has a thickness of 1,800 feet. The fourth divi- 

 sion, containing the Productive Coal Measures, shows on Boulardrie 

 Island a thickness of 5,400 feet, but at other exposures ouly 1,000 or 

 2,000 feet. The coal measures begin at Stubbord's Point and end at 

 Crauberry Head. The dip is G0° east, at an angle of 7°. The author 

 adds a tabulated section of each stratum, giving thickness and phys- 

 ical character, after which several sections are appended, showing erect 

 fossil trees from various parts of the section. 



In 1852 J. W. Dawson 1 gave an account of his studies of the red 

 sandstones of Nova Scotia. 



The author, by further examination, has been enabled to trace the 

 "New Red sandstone" from the mouth of the Shubenacadie River by 

 broken patches nearly to the mouth of the Avon, and at some points 

 it was fouud in very close contact with Lower Carboniferous rocks. A 

 continuation of the sandstone is seen in the Cornwallis Valley, as at 

 Petite River, of which he gives a cut, showing the black slate, shales? 

 and limestones lying immediately below the red sandstone, and dip- 

 ping at a high angle. A similar exposure of red sandstone is also 

 seen at Salter's Head, near the mouth of the Shubenacadie River. The 

 shales referred to above are identical with those of Horton Bluff and 

 Noel, both exposures containing Lepidodendra. 



The New Red sandstones of Shubenacadie River rest unconform- 

 ably upon shales of Carboniferous age. 



In 1S53 J. W. Dawson 2 gave an account of the Albert mine, Hills- 

 borough. The author regards these deposits as belonging to " the 

 lower part of the Lower Carboniferous series," and nearly equivalent 

 to "a band of pseudo-Coal Measures occurring in the Carboniferous 

 limestones of Nova Scotia." 



A section from the Joggins Coal Measures to the Albert mine is 

 given, in which the rocks consist of gray sandstones, reddish sand- 

 stones, limestones, and gypsums, conglomerates, and the calcareo-bitu- 

 minous shales of the Albert mine. No shales resembling those of the 

 Albert series have yet been recognized in the higher members of the 

 Carboniferous system. Fish remains are abundant iu the Albert shales. 

 The plant remains, though rare, bear very close resemblance to those 

 of Horton's Bluff. 



The shales in contact with the coal are much contorted and folded. 

 No Stigmaria were seen. Underclays were noticed as associated with 

 the coal. The coal bed has a general dip of N. 15° E. The peculiar 

 position of this deposit is explained by faulting. Concerning its origin, 



1 Dawson, J. W.: Additional notes on the red sandstones of Nova Scotia. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, 

 vol. 8, 1852, pp. 398-400. 



2 Dawson. J. W.: On the Albert mine, Hillsborough, New Brunswick. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. 

 9, 1853, pp. 107-114. 



