WAVERLY GROUP. ^2i 



sand rock to a depth of from 60 to 100 feet, a copious stream of 

 sweet water, rising several feet above the surface, being found in 

 all the borings without exception. 



The west part of the city of Battle Creek is built on rock ledges 

 of the Waverly group. The upper strata, opened by digging out 

 cellars, and seen on the slope of the banks of the river, are a 

 middling, coarse-grained, yellowish sand rock, resembling the sand 

 rock of Napoleon or Condit Station. Some beds are of moderate 

 thickness, and are used for foundation walls ; others are thinly lami- 

 nated, of discordant stratification, and worthless. Some vegetable 

 stems and concretions of iron pyrites are inclosed within them. 

 Their total thickness is about 30 or 40 feet. 



Below these strata, in the bed of Kalamazoo River, and emerg- 

 ing a few feet above it, are micaceous sand-rock ledges, thinly 

 laminated, alternating with harder calcareous sand-rock ledges 

 crowded with fossils of the same kinds as enumerated from the 

 sandstones of Marshall, with additional forms peculiar to the 

 locality. The higher elevations surrounding Battle Creek are all 

 composed of heavy drift accumulations, partly well stratified sand 

 and gravel beds, partly coarse, non-stratified boulder drift in a 

 position above the stratified deposits. In the northeast part of 

 the city the rock beds are covered by 70 feet of drift. An artesian 

 well bored in that part of the city went below the drift stratum 

 through 43 feet of sand rock, when the drill struck a cavity, sinking 

 at once 3 feet, and a copious stream of water rose in the bore-hole 

 to within 16 feet of the surface. The boring was continued through 

 326 feet of blue shales, until at 440 feet it was given up. 



Twelve miles north of New Buffalo at Brown's Station, on the 

 Lake Michigan shore road, and about l|- mile east from the shore 

 line, a brownish or violet-colored sand rock is found under -a 

 drift cover only a few feet in thickness. By exploring ditches, 

 about 4 or 5 feet of the rock ledges have been laid open, which con- 

 tain some of the most characteristic forms of the sand rock at 

 Marshall : Nucula Hubbardi, AUorisma, etc. ; but this is all that I 

 could observe — the flat, level shore belt presenting no larger denu- 

 dation or deeper sections into the rock. Hard, thin-bedded flag- 

 stones resembling the rock at Brown's Station are frequently 

 thrown out by the lake, all along the beach from Michigan City 

 northward ; similar flagstones are also largely intermingled with 



