84 LOWER PENINSULA. 



the lower unstratified clayey boulder drift of this vicinity, which 

 induces me to believe that this rock series underlies the whole 

 southwestern corner of the State ; but the drift is generally too 

 deep to allow of denudation of the rock beds by natural erosions, 

 or by the ordinary excavations in well-digging, etc. 



The next known outcrop of the Waverly group on the west 

 shore is on Black River, near Holland, in Ottawa County, and 

 some miles further north, near Grand River, it is seen for the last 

 time. The outcrops at Holland are about 4 miles north of the 

 village, in the flats bordering Black River. They comprise only a 

 limited vertical series of beds, some of which are thinly lami- 

 nated, while others are in thick, regular ledges, which are quar- 

 ried for building uses. Their lithological character is nearly 

 the same as that of the grindstones in the quarries on the 

 Lake Huron shore, a greenish, middling, fine-grained, micaceous 

 sand rock. In seams, a great number of the usual fossils of the 

 Marshal sandstone are found ; other parts of the rock are almost 

 destitute of them. I found in the quarry, Nucula Hubbardi, 

 Nucula Stella, Nucula lowensis, Solen quadrangularis, Solen scalpri- 

 formis, and other bivalves ; also Bellerophon, Nautilus, Ortho- 

 ceras, Goniatites, etc. North of Ottawa County, nearly all the 

 land west of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad line is sup- 

 posed to be underlaid by the Waverly group as far as the head of 

 Big Traverse Bay, but no sign of a rock ledge comes to the sur- 

 face on this whole space until we come upon the green shales 

 south of Antrim Village. 



At Muskegon, several deep borings have been made — one a num- 

 ber of years ago by Mr. Whitney, to the depth of 1230 feet; 

 ainother, the deepest ever made in Michigan, reaches a depth of 

 2627 feet. Of the first boring a register was kept to a depth of 

 657 feet. The boring commenced in drift deposits, which were 

 penetrated 223 feet before the first ledges of solid rock were 

 struck. The following shows the descending order of the beds : 



Sand rock 50 ft. 



Iron pyrites 3 in. 



Sand rock 16 ft. 



Shale 3 " 



Sand rock 22 *' 



Shale ... 17 '' 



Shales and sand rock alternating 326 " 



