l8o LOWER PENINSULA. 



chloride of calcium and magnesium which existed to some extent 

 in our brines will cause the table to make a showing too favorable. 

 As the percentage of impurities is a variable quantity, it was im- 

 possible to make allowance for them in the table. Though we can 

 not therefore construct a table practically accurate, it is not thought 

 best to discard all attempts at a table. As long as it is thought de- 

 sirable to use the salinometer, it seems to be a matter of convenience 

 to have at hand the ready means for converting its reading into 

 the equivalent expressions. 



" It must also be borne in mind that brines of the same strength 

 possess different densities, depending upon the temperature, the 

 density rapidly diminishing as the temperature rises. It is conse- 

 quently necessary to experiment on brines at a uniform or stand- 

 ard temperature. The ordinary standard for hydrometrical opera- 

 tion is 60° Fahrenheit's thermometer, but the standard tem- 

 perature at the Onondaga salines is 52°, that being the natural 

 temperature of the brine as it issues from the well. 



BRINE ANALYSES. 



The first practical attempt at salt-well boring in Grand Rapids was 

 commenced August 12th, 1859, and finished October 14th, being 

 257 feet deep. A sample of brine taken at this time was analyzed 

 by Prof. Fish, with the following results : 



Specific gravity i. 01 752 



Fixed constituents 2.33385 per ct. 



Carbonate of iron 0.00145 



" lime 0.00473 



" magnesia 0.00084 



Free carbonic acid 0.00603 



Silicic acid 0.00025 



Sulphate of lime o. 1 3 1 20 



Chloride of calcium 0.27641 



Chloride of magnesium 0.07196 



Chloride of potassium 0.01561 



Chloride of sodium (salt) 1.73696 



Loss 0.08841 



2.33385 



