6 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



orange lint : the organs of the mouth, the eyes both simple 

 and compound, as well as the antennae and legs, are glassy 

 white ; the compound eyes by degrees acquire a brown tint, 

 and by^ slow stages finally settle down to a shining jet-black ; 

 the ocelli, which are arranged on the crown of the head in 

 the form of a triangle, undergo a similar coloration : the next 

 change observable is that the tips of the upper jaws become 

 sufTused with a pink tint, and a day or so afterwards a darkish 

 blotch is noticeable in the interior of the thorax; this at first 

 has but a faint shadowy appearance, but slowly increases in 

 density of tint : we then notice that the knees assume a pale 

 straw-colour, and in time the dark pigmentary matter travels 

 all over the back of the thorax, staining it quite black : the 

 dorsal surface of the first pair of abdominal segments by this 

 time are much discoloured with black colouring matter, and 

 the sides of the remaining segments are considerably dusted 

 with darkish, the base of the same segments becoming dark- 

 linted, the legs gradually receiving their yellow lint. The 

 pupa, on being placed on its breast, exhibits signs of life by 

 gently swaying its abdomen about : the contained pigmentary 

 matter slowly spreads itself over all parts of the abdominal 

 segments, and ultimately turns to a shining black : the back 

 part of the head has now become black, the front portion is, 

 however, only of a darkish hue; the feet receive a portion of 

 their coloration, and the wings have acquired their smoky 

 fascia ; the antenna? change from white to pale straw-colour, 

 afterwards deepening into black : after this all parts of the 

 future imago settle down to their final colours. The time at 

 length arrives for it to emerge : this it efi'ects by cutting a 

 small round hole in its cocoon, through which it creeps, and 

 enters upon the pleasures of its new phase of existence. 



The second brood of larva) may be collected during the 

 months of August, September, October, and the early part of 

 November; in October they are very abundant. This season 

 a couple of young birches were observed at Shirley, in 

 Surrey, the leaves, in consequence of their having been 

 (iejjrived by these larvae of their green parenchyma, had at a 

 distance quite a whitish appearance. Some of the second 

 brfjod of larvae produce the perfect insects in September: the 

 greater number remain unchanged in their cocoons until tlie 

 following April before they begin to enter upon tlieir 



