THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 135 



Life-history of Aporia Cratcegi. — The egg is laid in June, 

 in clusters, on the leaves of Crataegus oxyacanlha (white- 

 thorn), and the young larvae remain in company, under a tent- 

 like web, throughout the autumn and winter and until the 

 expansion of leaves in the next spring, when they emerge 

 from their winter quarters, and, separating from each other, 

 pass the remainder of their larval existence in comparative 

 solitude. Towards the end of May they are full-grown, and 

 then fall from their food-plant on the least annoyance, rolled 

 in a tolerably compact ring, but with the head slightly on 

 one side. The head is about equal in width to the 2nd 

 segment : the body is almost uniformly cylindrical, the 2nd 

 and 13th segments being slightly narrower than the rest ; 

 almost every part of the head and body is clothed with hair. 

 The colour of the head and 2nd segment is dull smoky black ; 

 the shorter hairs of the head are black, the longer ones white : 

 the dorsal surface of the body is black, with two bright rust- 

 coloured stripes composed of minute rust- coloured spots, each 

 of which has a central black dot which emits a rust-coloured 

 hair; these stripes are interrupted at the incisions of the 

 segments when the larva is crawling, but appear continuous 

 when it is at rest: the ventral surface is gray, this colour 

 extending above the spiracles, which are black ; the division 

 of the dorsal and ventral surface is abrupt and decided ; the 

 gray area is sprinkled with innumerable minute black dots, 

 and emits a great number of feeble whitish hairs : the legs 

 are black and the claspers gray. About the middle of May 

 it spins a milk-white web over the surface of the hawthorn 

 twigs, and, affixing itself to this, prepares for changing to a 

 pupa, a compound silken cord being first attached to the 

 sides, but not passed continuously over the back : the pupa 

 has the head obtusely pointed, the back of the thorax 

 sharply keeled, and the shoulders prominent ; the abdomen 

 has also a dorsal keel, and on each side a lateral keel, but 

 neither of them is so prominent as that of the thorax ; and 

 the abdomen terminates in a curved and flattened horn, 

 which is furnished with the usual hooks ; the prevailing 

 colour is yellowish white, varied with pure yellow and 

 spotted with black; the brighter yellow is principally 

 observable in the more salient points, as of the head and 

 shoulders, and the lateral and dorsal keels of the abdomen ; 



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