THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 159 



with nine of these keels. The larvae are hatched in a fort- 

 night, and are full-grown about midsummer : at this period 

 they rest in a straight position on the food-plant, and are 

 readily shaken off, and fall to the ground ; they have rather 

 a limp and flaccid character, and exhibit scarcely any dis- 

 position to assume the ring form. The head is exserted, 

 being manifestly v^-ider than the 2nd segment; its position is 

 prone, its crown slightly notched, and the division slightly 

 elevated : the entire surface of the head is scabrous, this 

 character arising from the presence of numerous small warts 

 and elongated papillae, the length of which is about equal 

 to three times the breadth ; the warts and papillae are 

 intermixed, but the latter predominate on the crown, the 

 former on the cheeks ; from the summit of each wart or 

 papilla emerges a slender and slightly bent hair : the 

 body is almost uniformly cylindrical, and is armed with 

 sharp spines on every segment except the 2nd ; these 

 spines constitute seven longitudinal series, the first of which 

 is medio-dorsal, and consists of eight spines, one on each 

 segment from the 5th to the 12th, both inclusive ; each 

 spine in this medio-dorsal series, at about half its length, 

 emits a single branch which is directed forwards in a slanting 

 direction ; the first lateral series consists often spines; thesd 

 commence with the 3rd and end With the 12th segndent; each 

 spine in this series has at least three lateral branches, all of 

 which are nearly equidistant between the base and tip ; the 

 second lateral series is composed of rather smaller spines, 

 and each of these is branched much in the same way as 

 those of the preceding series ; and again, still below this is 

 a third lateral series of eight smaller spines, which begin on 

 the 5th and end with the 12th segment; these are also 

 branched like those already described; each spine in the 

 second series stands a little in advance of the corresponding 

 spine in the first lateral serieSj and rather more so in advance 

 of that in the third lateral series; the 13th segment has four 

 branched spines, forming a quadrangle, and all of them 

 slightly leaning backwards; the ventral surface is without 

 spines, and is deeply wrinkled at the interstices of the seg- 

 ments, but not between each pair of legs or claspers ; about 

 each leg and clasper are a number of longish deflected hairs, 

 and these form a lateral fringe not particularly distinct. The 



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