456 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



being a female. The next specimen I took was on the 24th 

 of May ; this was also a female, and laid about a dozen eggs. 

 These eggs hatched on the 2nd of June, and the young larvae 

 fed for a month, and then spun up (July 6lh and 7th). The 

 imagos from these emerged on July 20th and 21st; and 

 I obtained a further supply of eggs. The young larvae 

 hatched from these, fed well till the beginning of August, 

 when ihey all died off, on account of being left in a w-indow 

 in a scorching sun. Had these larvse lived and turned 

 into pupae, I believe that the imagos would have emerged 

 this year; and this supposition is founded on the fact of my 

 having taken a specimen of FJamula (at light) on the 21st of 

 September last year. Thus, it appears to me that there must 

 be three broods of Hamula a year. I believe that Lacertula 

 is also triple-brooded, but have not positive proof. As in the 

 case of Hamula, I took the first specimen of Lacertula on the 

 24th of May this year, and the larvae produced from eggs 

 laid by this female turned to pupae on July 2nd, feeding up 

 much more slowly than those of Hamula. The pupae were 

 only three in number, two of which emerged on the 11th of 

 August, and one slill remains in the pupa state. The two 

 imagos laid a batch of eggs, which unfortunately proved 

 unfertile. Had they hatched into larvae the imagos would 

 probably have appeared in September. 1 mentioned in the 

 ' Entomologist,' last year, the capture of a specimen of 

 P. Lacertula at the end of April, and I now believe that 

 it was a hybernated specimen of the September brood of 

 1869, since it was not freshly emerged, nor have I ever met 

 with the perfect insect before the 20th of May. — G. H. 

 Raynor ; Dryhill Park, Tonhridcje, November 15, 1871. 



Breeding Cossus Ligniperda and Zeazera ^sciili. — For 

 the information of Messrs. Arthur du Moulin and J. R. S. 

 Clifford, I venture to send a {ew remarks respecting C. Lig- 

 niperda and Z. iEsculi, having had much experience with 

 both species. I do not think the method you suggest with 

 Ligniperda larvae would prove effectual, as muslin would not 

 restrain them. Both species should be taken when full fed. 

 When I first tried Cossus larvae they ate through a half-inch 

 deal box, and finished up by devouring a lot of cork setting- 

 boards. I next tried them by putting some willow-stumps, 

 containing the larvae, in a small brick house 1 built in my 



