12 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



Keokuk; western area. The original collection of Lisbon A. Cox, of the city of Keokuk, 

 Iowa, being the result of 30 years steady collecting in the western Keokuk limestone of the 

 Mississippi River area in Iowa, Illinois and Missouri — by far the most complete series of the 

 crinoids of that region ever brought together. It contains the types of a large number of 

 species described by Worthen in Volume VII of the Illinois Geological Survey Reports, and 

 by Wachsmuth and Springer in the Camerata monograph. Mr. Cox was in the field during 

 the years of excavation of the canal around the rapids of the Mississippi River at Keokuk, and 

 profited greatly by the opportunities thus afforded ; and he also did some quarrying on his own 

 account in especially favorable spots. Two other small local collections purchased, and the 

 product of occasional expeditions by Wachsmuth and myself into the western Keokuk area, 

 supplement the material contained in the Cox collection with important additions. 



Keokuk shales and limestones east of the Illinois uplift; chiefly in Montgomery County, 

 Indiana. Next to Burlington the most famous crinoid locality in America is Crawfordsville, 

 Indiana, containing the largest colony of Paleozoic crinoids ever found, specimens from which 

 are to be seen in all museums. The number of species does not exceed 40, but the specimens 

 occur in great profusion, and at certain spots in excellent preservation as to arms and stems, 

 but not as to fine structures — being injured in this respect by the presence of iron pyrites. 

 A large collection made by M. Zeller was purchased in 1880; subsequently I acquired the 

 ground in which the best part of the deposit was situated, where I carried on large quarrying 

 operations in 1887 under Charles S. Beachler, assisted by the veteran Indiana collector, O. W. 

 Corey, who had worked the beds extensively in early years ; * and to a still greater extent 

 under Mr. Braun in 1906. Both of these operations yielded finely preserved specimens in 

 great quantity. 



A still more important locality, if not so famous, in the same area but slightly lower, was 

 on Indian Creek about 12 miles from Crawfordsville. It was discovered by Mr. Beachler 

 while collecting for me in 1888, being a small colony which produced several thousand speci- 

 mens of about 20 species in a state of preservation nowhere surpassed, especially as to struc- 

 tural details. The remarkable preparations showing the tegmen of Onychocrinus figured in 

 this work came from there. In 1907 Mr. Braun uncovered another colony a short distance 

 from the last, from which a large amount of extraordinary material was obtained. Another 

 prolific locality at an equivalent horizon was near Canton, in Washington County, southern 

 Indiana, where a fine collection from the principal colony was made by Wachsmuth during 

 one of his annual trips, and by Braun, in addition to important typical material contained in the 

 Lyon collection. 



Warsazv. From the western area an excellent assortment from these beds was collected 

 at Boonville, Missouri, by Beachler, and still more material was obtained in the Hambach 

 collection. The Salem beds in the Spergen Hill region were carefully worked by Wachsmuth, 

 Beachler, and in later years by Braun, yielding a complete representation of their fauna. 



St. Louis. The original collection of Dr. G. Hambach, of St. Louis, acquired by me in 

 1907, containing the types of his published investigations on the Blastoids, and a vast quantity 

 of other blastoid, crinoid, and echinoid material, especially from the St. Louis, Kaskaskia, 

 Warsaw and Keokuk beds, and also from the Choteau and Lower Burlington beds of south- 

 western Missouri, and the Upper Carboniferous at Kansas City. 



Kaskaskia. Wachsmuth's years of collecting at Huntsville, Alabama, yielded great num- 

 bers of crinoids and blastoids from this horizon, as also did Pate's collection from western 

 Kentucky. Wachsmuth rediscovered Wetherby's famous locality in Pulaski County, Ken- 

 tucky, which yielded wonderfully preserved specimens of this formation, and I also obtained 

 an extremely fine series of them from a local collector. Braun visited this locality in recent 

 years with good results, although the great wealth of former times was not again disclosed. 

 The S. S. Lyon collection contained excellent material from the typical locality at Grayson 



1 16th Report State Geologist, Indiana, 1889, p. 64. 



