336 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



high by 36 mm. wide; diameter of base at perimeter of column 10 mm.; of 

 column at a distance of 11 mm., below 6 mm. Maximum specimen: crown, 

 70 mm. high, 43 mm. wide; base, 17 mm. 



IBB small, less than half the diameter of column facet, entirely within ring 

 of BB. BB extending as pentagons beyond the column; post. B rising nearly 

 to height of radials, truncate, followed by one anal plate suturally joined to it, 

 and to a greater or less extent to RR and IBn; this is followed by a vertical 

 series forming the back of a tube. iBr 3 to 5 or 6 of about equal size, narrowing 

 to an apex, with rays meeting above; illBr 1 to 3, with inner branches of rays 

 meeting above them. RR and IBr of about equal size ; IIBr usually 3, increasing 

 in width upward: Rays and their divisions rounded ; rami about equal. Ramules 

 large, usually on every third brachial, sometimes second or fourth; the first 

 ramule considerably the largest. Column large, expanding near the calyx, 

 covering the inner half of the basals, and extending- the full width of the base; 

 upper columnals thin, there being 25 of them in a length of 10 mm., within 

 which distance they diminish nearly one-half in diameter; beyond this the column 

 is cylindrical. 



This fine species was described by Trautschold in 1867 under the name Forbesiocrinus 

 incurvus, with good figures of characteristic specimens, and a text diagram; and in 1879 

 he gave a new description arid a new photographic figure of one of his types, together with 

 figures of another much larger specimen. A specimen apparently of the same species was 

 figured by Fischer de Waldheim in the second edition of his Oryctographia, 1837, under the 

 name Encrinites moniliformis. In the first edition, 1830, the same figures were listed as 

 Encrinites stoloniferus. As there was no pretense of describing a new species, and the 

 figures did not bring out intelligibly the essential characters of the form, I see no reason for 

 withholding from Trautschold his well-earned priority. 



The present description and discussion of the genus are based upon a series of six good 

 specimens in my own collection, and a set of excellent casts of the specimens in the University 

 of Moscow most obligingly prepared for me by Professor A. P. Pavlow, Director of the 

 Geological and Paleontological Museum. Among all these, and some that I have seen else- 

 where, only one shows the exact character of the base (PL XLII, fig. 4b), although having 

 once understood it I can recognize the same structure in Fischer de Waldheim's figure 2. On 

 account of the great width and thinness of the upper columnals they did not readily separate 

 from the base, which in broken specimens tended to pull off with them. 



Among the crinoids found by Mr. James Wright, Jr., in the Hurlet limestone of central 

 Scot-land, further mentioned under Amphicrinus, are four specimens of Synerocrinus; one is 

 of large size, similar to those of figures 4 and 50, and another, from a somewhat lower bed, 

 smaller like 6a. I have figured these two on Plate LXXV, figures 12, 13, from which it can 

 be seen that they are unmistakably of this genus ; and in the form and proportions of the 

 crown and the characters of the strong heterotomous rays I can find nothing to distinguish 

 them from the Russian species. 



Types. Trautschold's originals are in the Mineralogical Museum of Breslau, Germany. 

 The other Russian specimens figured are in the author's collection, and those from Scotland 

 are in the collection of James Wright, Jr., Kirkcaldy, Scotland. 



Horizon and locality. Upper part of Lower Carboniferous, associated with Eupachycri- 

 nus, Cromyocrinus, Stemmatocrinus, Phialocriniis, etc., comparable to the Kaskaskia of 

 America. Near Moscow, Russia ; Roscobie and Ardross, Scotland. 



