﻿404 
  Forty-seventh 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  State 
  Museum. 
  

  

  South 
  of 
  South 
  Bethlehem 
  the 
  area 
  of 
  the 
  Esopus 
  slates 
  widens 
  

   in 
  the 
  folded 
  region 
  and 
  they 
  outcrop 
  in 
  a 
  succession 
  of 
  steep 
  

   ridges 
  of 
  moderate 
  height, 
  nearly 
  barren, 
  and 
  presenting 
  a 
  char- 
  

   acteristically 
  dismal 
  aspect. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  conspicuous 
  of 
  

   these 
  ridges, 
  three 
  miles 
  south 
  of 
  South 
  Bethlehem, 
  have 
  very 
  

   precipitous,, 
  rocky 
  sides, 
  100 
  to 
  150 
  feet 
  in 
  height, 
  and 
  remark- 
  

   ably 
  abrupt 
  terminations. 
  The 
  rock 
  of 
  this 
  region 
  and 
  south- 
  

   ward 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  hard, 
  arenaceous 
  shale, 
  with 
  well-defined, 
  vertical 
  

   cleavage 
  throughout, 
  and 
  bedding 
  planes 
  almost 
  entirely 
  obliter- 
  

   ated. 
  The 
  colors 
  are 
  dark 
  gray, 
  slate, 
  blue- 
  black 
  and 
  black. 
  

   Southwest 
  of 
  Saugerties, 
  and 
  at 
  some 
  other 
  points, 
  the 
  rock 
  is 
  

   very 
  black 
  and 
  line 
  grained, 
  somewhat 
  resembling 
  cannel 
  coal 
  at 
  

   first 
  glance. 
  The 
  principal 
  exposures 
  are 
  along 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  

   Esopus 
  creek, 
  from 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  above 
  Saugerties 
  to 
  Glenerie, 
  

   where 
  the 
  dark 
  slates 
  outcrop 
  in 
  very 
  high, 
  bare 
  bank^. 
  

  

  Oriskany 
  sandstone. 
  — 
  The 
  remarkable 
  persistence 
  of 
  this 
  very 
  

   thin, 
  arenaceous 
  deposit 
  and 
  its 
  characteristic 
  fauna 
  renders 
  it 
  a 
  

   particularly 
  interesting 
  formation. 
  It 
  varies 
  in 
  character 
  from 
  

   an 
  arenaceous 
  limestone 
  to 
  a 
  quartzite, 
  and 
  a 
  conglomerate, 
  and 
  

   its 
  thickness 
  is 
  seldom 
  over 
  three 
  feet. 
  It 
  is 
  often 
  discontinuous 
  

   for 
  greater 
  or 
  less 
  intervals 
  but 
  is 
  seldom 
  absent 
  for 
  any 
  long 
  

   distance. 
  At 
  Schoharie 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  thin 
  layer 
  of 
  very 
  silicious 
  lime- 
  

   stone 
  or 
  calcareous 
  sandstone 
  not 
  unlike 
  Schoharie 
  grit 
  in 
  compo- 
  

   sition 
  and 
  appearance, 
  similarly 
  weathering 
  to 
  a 
  porous, 
  buff 
  

   sandrock 
  filled 
  with 
  casts 
  of 
  fossils. 
  In 
  the 
  slope 
  south 
  of 
  

   Gallup 
  ville 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  three-foot 
  bed 
  of 
  black 
  quartzite 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  

   Fox 
  kill 
  above 
  Grallupville 
  it, 
  is 
  more 
  calcareous. 
  About 
  Knox 
  

   and 
  on 
  the 
  road 
  eastward 
  toward 
  Altamont 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  gray, 
  or 
  

   brownish 
  gray, 
  quartzite 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  feet 
  thick, 
  bared 
  over 
  a 
  con- 
  

   siderable 
  area 
  in 
  a 
  gently 
  south 
  dipping 
  floor. 
  Due 
  south 
  of 
  

   Altamont 
  an 
  east 
  and 
  west 
  road 
  passes 
  along 
  a 
  floor 
  6f 
  this 
  

   character 
  for 
  over 
  a 
  mile, 
  the 
  underlying 
  limestone 
  showing 
  

   through 
  at 
  a 
  few 
  points. 
  Along 
  the 
  eastern 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  Helder- 
  

   berg 
  mountains 
  and 
  to 
  Callanan's 
  Corners, 
  the 
  formation 
  is 
  a 
  

   bed 
  of 
  gray-brown 
  quartzite 
  averaging 
  two 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  feet 
  in 
  

   thickness 
  and 
  apparently 
  continuous. 
  Thence 
  southward 
  the 
  

   continuity 
  of 
  the 
  formation, 
  in 
  its 
  extension 
  eastward 
  over 
  the 
  

   folded 
  region, 
  is 
  frequently 
  interrupted 
  and 
  the 
  quartzite 
  is 
  

   rarely 
  seen. 
  Its 
  place 
  is 
  taken 
  by 
  thin 
  lenses 
  of 
  black 
  chert 
  of 
  

  

  