﻿Report 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  Geologist. 
  407 
  

  

  place 
  above 
  io 
  the 
  upper 
  Shaly 
  beds 
  which 
  have 
  a 
  thickness 
  of 
  

   about 
  thirty-five 
  feet 
  and 
  consist 
  of 
  very 
  impure 
  dark-gray 
  lime- 
  

   stones 
  with 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  well-defined 
  slaty 
  cleavage 
  and 
  a 
  

   moderate 
  abundance 
  of 
  fossils. 
  In 
  the 
  Rondout 
  region 
  the 
  

   Becraft 
  limestone 
  is 
  forty 
  feet 
  thick 
  and 
  the 
  upper 
  Shaly 
  beds 
  

   100 
  to 
  150 
  feet, 
  according 
  to 
  Davis, 
  but 
  these 
  amounts 
  appear 
  to 
  

   me 
  to 
  be 
  too 
  great. 
  In 
  the 
  ridge 
  just 
  east 
  of 
  Whiteport 
  there 
  

   are 
  thirty 
  feet 
  of 
  Becraft 
  limestone 
  and 
  fifty 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  

   Shaly 
  beds 
  ; 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  fine 
  exposure 
  on 
  the 
  railroad 
  just 
  south 
  of 
  

   Whiteport 
  station, 
  abouc 
  ten 
  feet 
  less 
  of 
  each. 
  About 
  Rosendale 
  

   and 
  south 
  vard 
  I 
  saw 
  no 
  exposures. 
  

  

  Underlying 
  the 
  Becraft 
  limestone 
  beds 
  throughout, 
  there 
  are 
  

   the 
  lower 
  Shaly 
  beds 
  consisting 
  of 
  thin 
  bedded, 
  very 
  impure, 
  

   highly 
  f 
  ossiferous 
  limestones 
  containing 
  some 
  shale 
  and 
  varying 
  

   in 
  C( 
  lor 
  from 
  gray 
  and 
  drab 
  to 
  dull 
  buff. 
  At 
  some 
  localities, 
  for 
  

   instance, 
  westward 
  on 
  the 
  Fox 
  kill 
  above 
  Gallupville, 
  it 
  is 
  in 
  

   greater 
  part 
  a 
  massive, 
  relatively 
  pure 
  limestone. 
  In 
  Greene 
  and 
  

   Ulster 
  counties 
  it 
  has 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  Shaly 
  beds 
  

   with 
  a 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  slaty 
  cleavage 
  and 
  outcropping 
  in 
  ragged 
  

   edges, 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  closely 
  resembling 
  the 
  lighter-colored 
  out- 
  

   crops 
  of 
  Esopus 
  shale. 
  Its 
  thickness 
  from 
  Schoharie 
  eastward 
  is 
  

   about 
  eighty 
  feet, 
  and 
  there 
  and 
  elsewhere 
  in 
  the 
  great 
  Helder- 
  

   berg 
  escarpment 
  it 
  constitutes 
  a 
  steep 
  slope 
  between 
  the 
  Scutella 
  

   and 
  Oriskany 
  shelf 
  above 
  and 
  the 
  Pentamerus 
  escarpment 
  below. 
  

   Its 
  thickness 
  apparently 
  decreases 
  somewhat 
  in 
  the 
  Kingston- 
  

   Rosendale 
  region, 
  but 
  it 
  retains 
  its 
  characteristics. 
  I 
  saw 
  no 
  

   outcrops 
  south 
  from 
  High 
  Falls 
  and 
  do 
  not 
  know 
  where 
  it 
  begins 
  

   to 
  thicken 
  again. 
  Davis 
  reports 
  fifty 
  to 
  sixty 
  feet 
  on 
  Becraft' 
  s 
  

   mountain. 
  

  

  The 
  Pentamerus 
  beds, 
  known 
  also 
  as 
  the 
  " 
  lower 
  Pentamerus 
  

   limestone 
  " 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  conspicuous 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  Helderberg 
  

   formation, 
  giving 
  rise 
  to 
  the 
  conspicuous 
  escarpment 
  characteriz- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  eastern 
  outcrop 
  line 
  of 
  this 
  formation 
  throughout 
  the 
  

   greater 
  part 
  of 
  its 
  course 
  from 
  central 
  New 
  York 
  to 
  beyond 
  

   Eosendale. 
  The 
  beds 
  consist 
  of 
  a 
  hard, 
  very 
  massively 
  bedded, 
  

   vertically 
  jointed 
  limestone, 
  and 
  these 
  characters, 
  together 
  with 
  

   undermining 
  caused 
  by 
  the 
  rapid 
  erosion 
  of 
  the 
  thin 
  bedded 
  and 
  

  

  