﻿442 
  Forty- 
  seventh 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  State 
  Museum. 
  

  

  Salem, 
  and 
  about 
  South 
  Bethlehem. 
  A 
  mile 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  southwest 
  

   of 
  South 
  Bethlehem 
  they 
  are 
  brought 
  up 
  by 
  a 
  small 
  anticlinal 
  

   and 
  exposed 
  over 
  an 
  oblong 
  area 
  surrounded 
  by 
  the 
  Pentamerus 
  

   beds. 
  They 
  are 
  extensively 
  exposed 
  in 
  the 
  road-metal 
  quarry 
  at 
  

   South 
  Bethlehem 
  surmounted 
  by 
  the 
  lower 
  beds 
  of 
  the 
  Pentam- 
  

   erus 
  limestone, 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  plate 
  4% 
  

  

  Salina 
  waterlime. 
  — 
  This 
  formation 
  is 
  represented 
  in 
  Albany 
  

   county 
  by 
  a 
  few 
  feet 
  of 
  waterlime 
  beds, 
  which 
  may 
  not 
  be 
  con- 
  

   tinuous 
  throughout. 
  Only 
  two 
  distinctive 
  exposures 
  were 
  found 
  : 
  

   one 
  at 
  the 
  Indian. 
  Ladder, 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  in 
  the 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  quarry 
  

   at 
  South 
  Bethlehem. 
  The 
  thickness 
  in 
  both 
  cases 
  is 
  about 
  four 
  feet. 
  

   The 
  beds 
  are 
  impure, 
  magnesian 
  limestones, 
  in 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  

   layers 
  with 
  some 
  shaly 
  intercalations. 
  The 
  upper 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  

   series 
  in 
  the 
  quarry 
  is 
  characterized 
  by 
  a 
  reticulation 
  of 
  sun 
  

   cracks, 
  which 
  are 
  usually 
  distinctive 
  of 
  this 
  horizon. 
  There 
  is 
  

   apparently 
  no 
  cement 
  included, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  could 
  ascertain 
  from 
  

   these 
  two 
  exposures. 
  

  

  The 
  unconformity. 
  — 
  At 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  Salina 
  formation 
  there 
  

   is 
  an 
  unconformity 
  representing 
  the 
  early 
  part 
  of 
  upper 
  Silurian 
  

   times. 
  It 
  is 
  an 
  unconformity 
  which 
  is 
  general 
  in 
  eastern 
  New 
  

   York 
  but 
  appears 
  to 
  give 
  place 
  to 
  a 
  continuous 
  succession 
  in 
  the 
  

   western 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  southward 
  from 
  central 
  

   Pennsjdvania. 
  In 
  Albany 
  county 
  there 
  was 
  apparently 
  no 
  

   deposition 
  of 
  Niagara, 
  Clinton, 
  Medina 
  or 
  Oneida 
  formations, 
  

   but 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  that 
  they 
  were 
  deposited 
  in 
  attenuated 
  form 
  

   and 
  then 
  removed 
  by 
  erosion. 
  The 
  principal 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  

   epoch 
  was 
  a 
  general 
  uplift 
  of 
  the 
  Hudson 
  river 
  sediments 
  without 
  

   material 
  flexing 
  westward 
  but 
  with 
  considerable 
  disturbance 
  in 
  

   the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  the 
  Hudson 
  river 
  valley 
  and 
  eastward. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Helderberg 
  mountains 
  and 
  westward 
  the 
  Salina 
  and 
  

   Helderberg 
  limestones 
  lie 
  on 
  the 
  Hudson 
  river 
  formation 
  with- 
  

   out 
  appreciable 
  unconformity 
  in 
  clip. 
  To 
  the 
  southeastward, 
  in 
  

   the 
  region 
  where 
  the 
  Hudson 
  river 
  and 
  overlying 
  formations 
  are 
  

   flexed, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  prominent 
  unconformity 
  in 
  dip. 
  There 
  are 
  

   excellent 
  exposures 
  of 
  the 
  contact 
  at 
  Indian 
  Ladder, 
  at 
  a 
  point 
  a 
  

   mile 
  due 
  south 
  of 
  New 
  Salem, 
  on 
  Sprayt 
  creek, 
  at 
  the 
  road 
  metal 
  

   quarry 
  south 
  of 
  South 
  Bethlehem 
  and 
  near 
  the 
  road 
  a 
  mile 
  south- 
  

   west 
  of 
  Coeymans 
  Junction. 
  

  

  