﻿462 
  Forty-seventh 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  State 
  Museum. 
  

  

  Brothers 
  Brewing 
  Company 
  bored 
  a 
  well 
  1040 
  feet 
  in 
  depth. 
  

   The 
  first 
  200 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  well 
  went 
  through 
  sand 
  and 
  clay, 
  and 
  

   then 
  the 
  solid 
  r< 
  ck 
  was 
  struck, 
  probably 
  Hudson 
  river 
  slate. 
  

   Near 
  Morton 
  street, 
  in 
  Albany, 
  the 
  Hudson 
  river 
  slates 
  appear 
  

   on 
  the 
  surface. 
  It 
  is, 
  therefore, 
  prob 
  ible 
  that 
  the 
  sands 
  were 
  

   deposited 
  on 
  the 
  rocky 
  surface 
  which 
  had 
  already 
  been 
  irregu- 
  

   larly 
  and 
  often 
  deeply 
  eroded. 
  At 
  Yan 
  Kenssel 
  icr's 
  bank, 
  North 
  

   Albany, 
  these 
  sands 
  are 
  found 
  200 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  

   Hudson. 
  Plate 
  III 
  gives 
  a 
  typical 
  illustration 
  of 
  the 
  appear- 
  

   ance 
  of 
  the 
  sands. 
  

  

  The 
  grains 
  and 
  pebbles 
  making 
  up 
  the 
  bulk 
  of 
  the 
  deposits 
  are, 
  

   in 
  the 
  order 
  of 
  abundance, 
  slates, 
  quartzite, 
  limestone, 
  gneiss, 
  

   grains 
  of 
  limpid 
  quartz, 
  garnet 
  and 
  magnetite. 
  The 
  larger 
  peb- 
  

   bles 
  of 
  gneiss 
  and 
  quartzite 
  occasionally 
  weigh 
  upwards 
  of 
  ) 
  00 
  

   pounds, 
  though 
  these 
  sizes 
  are 
  rare. 
  Large 
  pebbles 
  of 
  quartzite 
  

   are 
  also 
  often 
  found. 
  Glaciated 
  pebbles 
  and 
  boulders 
  are 
  rarely 
  

   observed. 
  The 
  majority, 
  even 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  sizes, 
  are 
  smooth 
  

   and 
  water 
  worn. 
  The 
  finest 
  material 
  is 
  the 
  limpid 
  quartz 
  and 
  

   garnet. 
  The 
  coarse 
  pebble 
  beds 
  do 
  not 
  occur 
  in 
  uniform 
  strata, 
  

   but 
  are 
  irregularly 
  distributed 
  through 
  the 
  lenses 
  of 
  coarser 
  sand 
  

   and 
  gravel. 
  The 
  coarse 
  sand 
  layers, 
  and 
  the 
  layers 
  of 
  finer 
  sands, 
  

   do 
  not 
  occur 
  in 
  regular 
  strata, 
  but 
  in 
  great 
  lenses. 
  These 
  lentic- 
  

   ular 
  masses, 
  thickening 
  and 
  thinning, 
  give 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  cross- 
  

   bedding. 
  The 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  detritus 
  forming 
  the 
  gravel 
  deposits 
  

   is 
  glacial, 
  but 
  the 
  glaciers 
  derived 
  the 
  material 
  from 
  the 
  beds 
  of 
  

   slate, 
  quartzite, 
  gneiss 
  and 
  limestone 
  which 
  lie 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  

   east. 
  That 
  the 
  material 
  is 
  not 
  immediately 
  glacial 
  is 
  proved 
  by 
  

   the 
  fact 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  stratified, 
  in 
  distinction 
  from 
  till 
  or 
  boulder 
  

   clay, 
  and 
  also 
  that 
  the 
  pebbles 
  are 
  well 
  rounded, 
  showing 
  water 
  

   action 
  on 
  a 
  beach. 
  

  

  The 
  deposits 
  of 
  sands 
  of 
  the 
  above 
  nature 
  are 
  found 
  under 
  the 
  

   clay 
  banks, 
  as 
  is 
  shown 
  at 
  Coeymans, 
  Albany 
  and 
  West 
  Troy, 
  

   sometimes 
  rising 
  above 
  the 
  clays, 
  as 
  at 
  North 
  Albany 
  ; 
  occa- 
  

   sionally 
  in 
  gravel 
  hills 
  through 
  the 
  valley 
  between 
  Albany 
  and 
  the 
  

   Helderberg 
  mountains, 
  and 
  especially 
  along 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  Helder- 
  

   bergs. 
  The 
  economic 
  uses 
  to 
  which 
  these 
  sands 
  are 
  put 
  are 
  many. 
  

   They 
  are 
  quicksands, 
  and 
  can 
  never 
  be 
  used 
  for 
  molding 
  unless 
  

   prepared 
  artificially 
  by 
  mixing 
  with 
  clay 
  and 
  molasses, 
  which 
  

   is 
  only 
  done 
  where 
  molding 
  sands 
  are 
  not 
  found. 
  The 
  twoprin- 
  

  

  