﻿Report 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  Geologist. 
  

  

  465 
  

  

  clays 
  the 
  gently 
  lapping 
  waters 
  removed 
  the 
  finer 
  material 
  from 
  

   the 
  coarser 
  gravel 
  and 
  redeposited 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  finely 
  laminated 
  

   argillaceous 
  layers. 
  

  

  In 
  studying 
  these 
  beds, 
  even 
  casually, 
  another 
  set 
  of 
  phe- 
  

   nomena 
  becomes 
  very 
  apparent 
  and 
  is 
  at 
  first 
  somewhat 
  puzzling 
  

   to 
  explain. 
  In 
  the 
  clay 
  banks 
  of 
  Slinger 
  and 
  Mies, 
  at 
  Ooeymans, 
  

   a 
  layer 
  of 
  blue 
  clay 
  about 
  one 
  foot 
  in 
  thickness 
  and 
  one 
  hundred 
  

   feet 
  long 
  is 
  crumpled 
  and 
  gnarled, 
  appearing 
  as 
  though 
  its 
  

   lamina3 
  had 
  been 
  disturbed 
  by 
  some 
  dragging 
  or 
  shoving 
  weight, 
  

   while 
  above 
  and 
  below 
  the 
  layers 
  are 
  exactly 
  parallel 
  and 
  

   wholly 
  undisturbed. 
  The 
  layer 
  was 
  so 
  uniform 
  in 
  color 
  that 
  the 
  

   structure 
  would 
  not 
  permit 
  of 
  being 
  successfully 
  photographed, 
  

   so 
  a 
  drawing, 
  giving 
  an 
  idea 
  of 
  structure, 
  was 
  made, 
  which 
  

   is 
  not, 
  however, 
  an 
  exact 
  reproduction. 
  (See 
  Fig. 
  2.) 
  Such 
  

  

  n** 
  

  

  L>TV,}pJiled 
  strata, 
  Let'veen 
  t^ro 
  harallel 
  $trcuta*, 
  

  

  structure 
  has 
  been 
  and, 
  in 
  the 
  autumn 
  of 
  1893, 
  is 
  still 
  

   to 
  be 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  clay 
  banks 
  of 
  both 
  Ulster 
  and 
  Albany 
  

   counties. 
  This 
  phenomenon 
  may 
  be 
  explained 
  in 
  the 
  follow- 
  

   ing 
  way. 
  Bearing 
  in 
  mind 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  clay 
  banks 
  are 
  

   underlaid 
  by 
  sand, 
  the 
  water 
  circulating 
  through 
  these 
  sands 
  

   gradually 
  undermines 
  the 
  clay 
  bank 
  and 
  tilts 
  it 
  to 
  such 
  an 
  angle 
  

   that 
  one 
  part 
  of 
  a 
  bed 
  would 
  slide 
  over 
  the 
  other, 
  only 
  leaving 
  

   visible 
  marks 
  along 
  the 
  particular 
  stratum 
  disturbed 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  

   form 
  of 
  crumplings. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  clays 
  lie 
  at 
  an 
  angle 
  to 
  the 
  

   horizon 
  and 
  only 
  a 
  slight 
  tilt 
  would 
  suffice 
  to 
  give 
  rise 
  to 
  a 
  slip. 
  

   That 
  the 
  explanation 
  is 
  at 
  least 
  plausible 
  is 
  brought 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  

   following 
  facts. 
  

  

  At 
  several 
  clay 
  banks 
  small 
  springs 
  emerge 
  from 
  beneath. 
  At 
  

   nearly 
  all 
  of 
  these 
  springs 
  the 
  clay 
  is 
  bent 
  downward 
  and 
  

   59 
  

  

  