﻿474 
  Forty- 
  seventh 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  State 
  Museum. 
  

  

  one 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  foot 
  hills 
  of 
  the 
  Helderberg 
  mountains. 
  A 
  little 
  

   above 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  quarry 
  the 
  mill 
  is 
  built 
  against 
  

   a 
  precipitous 
  rocky 
  ledge. 
  The 
  crushers 
  are 
  about 
  thirty 
  feet 
  

   above 
  the 
  spur 
  from 
  the 
  railroad. 
  The 
  limestone 
  is 
  blasted 
  from 
  

   the 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  quarry, 
  broken, 
  loaded 
  into 
  trains 
  and 
  hauled 
  by 
  

   winding 
  engines 
  to 
  the 
  crushers. 
  The 
  material 
  is 
  crushed, 
  

   screened 
  and 
  sorted 
  according 
  to 
  size 
  and 
  is 
  then 
  distributed 
  to 
  

   stock 
  bins, 
  which, 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  chutes, 
  communicate 
  directly 
  with 
  

   the 
  cars. 
  After 
  the 
  stone 
  is 
  loaded 
  into 
  trains 
  the 
  remainder 
  of 
  

   the 
  work, 
  even 
  loading 
  into 
  cars, 
  is 
  done 
  by 
  machinery. 
  

  

  The 
  working 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  quarry 
  is 
  500 
  feet 
  long 
  and 
  ninety 
  

   feet 
  high. 
  The 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  quarry 
  face 
  could 
  be 
  made 
  greater 
  

   if 
  necessary. 
  The 
  mill 
  turns 
  out 
  from 
  25,000 
  to 
  30,000 
  cubic 
  

   yards 
  per 
  year. 
  Fifty 
  men 
  are 
  employed 
  nine 
  months 
  out 
  of 
  

   twelve. 
  

  

  The 
  material 
  is 
  used 
  almost 
  exclusively 
  for 
  macadam 
  and 
  con- 
  

   crete 
  walls. 
  It 
  is 
  shipped 
  east 
  and 
  south. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  fine 
  

   material, 
  reduced 
  to 
  a 
  powder 
  and 
  mixed 
  with 
  asphalt, 
  is 
  used 
  

   for 
  making 
  asphalt 
  pavements 
  and 
  sidewalks. 
  The 
  limestone 
  

   from 
  which 
  the 
  metal 
  is 
  made 
  is 
  geologically 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  Ten- 
  

   taculite 
  limestone, 
  and 
  is 
  excellent 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  for 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  

   quarried. 
  It 
  is 
  fine 
  grained, 
  compact 
  and 
  very 
  tough. 
  The 
  beds 
  

   are 
  very 
  heavy, 
  and 
  there 
  does 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  slightest 
  ten- 
  

   dency 
  to 
  lamination, 
  consequently 
  the 
  crushed 
  stone 
  never 
  splits 
  

   up 
  finer 
  when 
  in 
  use. 
  Analyses 
  made 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Mason, 
  of 
  the 
  

   Kensselaer 
  Polytechnic 
  Institute, 
  Troy, 
  N". 
  Y., 
  show 
  the 
  stone 
  to 
  

   be 
  ninety-six 
  per 
  cent 
  carbonate 
  of 
  lime. 
  

  

  Higher 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  Helderberg 
  series 
  are 
  found 
  the 
  Cauda- 
  

   galli 
  grits. 
  This 
  material 
  has 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  been 
  used 
  in 
  

   making 
  roads. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  roads 
  of 
  the 
  county 
  

   would 
  be 
  improved 
  by 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  this 
  material. 
  The 
  initial 
  cost 
  

   of 
  macadamizing 
  is 
  almost 
  as 
  great 
  as 
  with 
  crushed 
  stone, 
  and 
  

   the 
  benefit 
  to 
  the 
  roads 
  would 
  be 
  but 
  transient. 
  

  

  What 
  is 
  required 
  of 
  a 
  good 
  road 
  metal 
  is 
  a 
  stone 
  that 
  is 
  not 
  

   easily 
  crushed, 
  that 
  will 
  not 
  crack 
  or 
  crumble 
  in 
  any 
  weather, 
  and 
  

   one 
  that 
  is 
  soft 
  enough 
  to 
  pack 
  tightly. 
  The 
  Cauda-galli 
  grits 
  

   fulfill 
  most 
  of 
  these 
  conditions. 
  Like 
  many 
  sandstones 
  they 
  may 
  

   go 
  to 
  pieces 
  under 
  tbe 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  weather, 
  and 
  may 
  crush 
  

   under 
  ordinary 
  road 
  traffic, 
  or 
  under 
  a 
  steam 
  roller, 
  such 
  as 
  used 
  in 
  

  

  