﻿496 
  Forty- 
  seventh 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  State 
  Museum, 
  

  

  most 
  of 
  the 
  Jupper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  is 
  built 
  upon 
  its 
  area. 
  

   Southward 
  by 
  Hurley 
  and 
  Marbletown 
  the 
  formation 
  is 
  a 
  con- 
  

   spicuous 
  feature 
  in 
  the 
  ridge 
  sloping 
  west 
  to 
  Esopus 
  creek. 
  

   Farther 
  south 
  its 
  outcrops 
  are 
  widely 
  scattered. 
  North 
  from 
  

   Kingston 
  there 
  are 
  extensive 
  exposures 
  along 
  the 
  West 
  Shore 
  

   railroad 
  and 
  for 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  east 
  nearly 
  to 
  Saugerties 
  wherje 
  

   the 
  railroad 
  turns 
  off 
  to 
  the 
  northeast. 
  From 
  west 
  of 
  Saugerties 
  

   to 
  Asbury, 
  exposures 
  are 
  very 
  conspicuous 
  along 
  and 
  near 
  the 
  

   road 
  passing 
  through 
  Cedar 
  Grove 
  and 
  Katsbaan. 
  The 
  thickness 
  

   of 
  the 
  formation 
  is 
  at 
  least 
  sixty 
  feet 
  in 
  Ulster 
  county 
  and 
  does 
  

   not 
  appear 
  to 
  vary 
  in 
  amount. 
  

  

  Cauda- 
  galli 
  grit— 
  Esopus 
  slate. 
  — 
  This 
  is, 
  in 
  greater 
  part, 
  a 
  hard 
  

   gritty 
  shale 
  giving 
  rise 
  to 
  ridges, 
  not 
  unusually 
  of 
  large 
  size 
  but 
  

   characterized 
  by 
  sharp 
  contour 
  and 
  generally 
  occurring 
  in 
  con- 
  

   siderable 
  number 
  across 
  the 
  breadth 
  of 
  the 
  outcrop 
  of 
  the 
  forma- 
  

   tion. 
  The 
  slate 
  is 
  dark 
  in 
  color, 
  often 
  pitch 
  black 
  when 
  fresh, 
  

   brittle 
  but 
  tough 
  in 
  texture 
  and 
  massively 
  bedded. 
  The 
  bedding 
  

   is 
  seldom 
  conspicuous, 
  for 
  the 
  formation 
  is 
  traversed 
  by 
  a 
  slaty 
  

   cleavage 
  which 
  crosses 
  the 
  bedding 
  plane 
  at 
  high 
  angles 
  and 
  

   along 
  which 
  the 
  material 
  readily 
  cleaves 
  into 
  slaty 
  fragments. 
  

   The 
  bedding 
  planes 
  are 
  not 
  lines 
  of 
  ready 
  separation. 
  Where 
  the 
  

   surface 
  of 
  the 
  bedding 
  planes 
  are 
  exposed 
  they 
  usually 
  present 
  

   impressions 
  of 
  a 
  characteristic 
  fossil 
  which 
  gave 
  the 
  original 
  name 
  

   "Caudi-galli 
  grit" 
  to 
  the 
  formation. 
  This, 
  as 
  its 
  name 
  implies, 
  has 
  

   the 
  form 
  of 
  a 
  cock's 
  tail 
  in 
  general 
  outline 
  and 
  is 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  

   due 
  to 
  a 
  f 
  ucoid 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  named 
  Spirophyton 
  caudi-galli. 
  

   The 
  upper 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  formation 
  merges 
  into 
  the 
  Onondaga 
  

   limestone 
  as 
  described 
  above, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  sharply 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  

   underlying 
  formation 
  by 
  an 
  abrupt 
  change 
  in 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  

   materials. 
  The 
  finest 
  exposures 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  hills 
  south 
  and 
  east 
  of 
  

   Kingston 
  and 
  along 
  Esopus 
  creek 
  above 
  Saugerties. 
  The 
  nature 
  

   of 
  the 
  latter 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  plate 
  3. 
  

  

  Its 
  extent 
  is 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Onondaga 
  limestone 
  

   or 
  slightly 
  greater, 
  and 
  its 
  outcrop 
  is 
  along 
  a 
  parallel 
  belt 
  lying 
  

   next 
  east. 
  It 
  often 
  constitutes 
  the 
  crest 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  with 
  the 
  

   Onondaga 
  limestone 
  lying 
  on 
  the 
  slope 
  westward. 
  Its 
  soil 
  is 
  

   usually 
  very 
  thin 
  and 
  barren. 
  In 
  Kochester 
  and 
  Wawarsing 
  

   townships 
  its 
  upper 
  members 
  become 
  harder 
  and 
  less 
  broken 
  by 
  

  

  