﻿500 
  Forty-seventh 
  Report 
  on 
  the 
  State 
  Museum. 
  

  

  hidden 
  by 
  the 
  talus 
  from 
  the 
  Pentamerus 
  cliffs 
  above, 
  and 
  out- 
  

   crops 
  are 
  rare. 
  They 
  are 
  well 
  exposed 
  in 
  the 
  cement 
  quarries 
  at 
  

   Kosendale, 
  Whiteport, 
  East 
  Kingston 
  and 
  Kondout, 
  and 
  also 
  

   near 
  West 
  Camp. 
  

  

  The 
  Salina 
  waterlime 
  beds. 
  — 
  These 
  members 
  are 
  a 
  southeastern 
  

   extension 
  of 
  the 
  Salina 
  formation 
  of 
  central 
  New 
  York, 
  and 
  the 
  

   cement 
  beds 
  which 
  they 
  here 
  carry 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  mineral 
  

   resource 
  of 
  Ulster 
  county. 
  The 
  usual 
  characters 
  of 
  the 
  formation 
  

   are 
  thin-bedded 
  water 
  limestones 
  and 
  the 
  cement 
  is 
  of 
  local 
  occur- 
  

   rence. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  blue 
  black, 
  very 
  fine 
  grained, 
  massively-bedded 
  

   deposit, 
  consisting 
  of 
  calcareous, 
  magnesian 
  and 
  argillaceous 
  

   materials 
  in 
  somewhat 
  variable 
  proportions. 
  The 
  beds 
  are 
  

   extensively 
  developed 
  in 
  the 
  Kondout 
  and 
  Kosendale 
  regions. 
  

   They 
  come 
  in 
  gradually 
  and 
  are 
  attended 
  by 
  a 
  thickening 
  of 
  the 
  

   formation 
  from 
  its 
  usual 
  average 
  of 
  twenty 
  to 
  thirty 
  feet 
  to 
  forty 
  

   or 
  fifty 
  feet. 
  At 
  Kondout 
  the 
  principal 
  cement 
  bed 
  has 
  a 
  thick- 
  

   ness 
  averaging 
  about 
  twenty 
  feet. 
  It 
  lies 
  directly 
  on 
  the 
  coralline 
  

   (Niagara) 
  limestone 
  and 
  is 
  overlaid 
  by 
  alternating 
  successions 
  of 
  

   waterlime 
  and 
  thin 
  impure 
  cement 
  beds. 
  The 
  cement 
  horizon 
  is 
  

   not 
  exposed 
  far 
  north 
  of 
  East 
  Kingston, 
  but 
  how 
  far 
  it 
  extends 
  

   to 
  the 
  northward 
  is 
  not 
  known. 
  It 
  is 
  seen 
  to 
  thicken 
  southward 
  

   and 
  it 
  attains 
  its 
  maximum 
  thickness 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Kondout, 
  

   thinning 
  out 
  again 
  and 
  giving 
  place 
  to 
  waterlime 
  beds 
  south 
  of 
  

   Wilbur. 
  It 
  is 
  seen 
  to 
  have 
  come 
  in 
  again 
  in 
  the 
  Whiteport 
  

   anticlinal, 
  which 
  brings 
  up 
  a 
  great 
  development 
  of 
  cement 
  beds 
  

   along 
  its 
  principal 
  axis 
  from 
  Whiteport 
  to 
  Kosendale. 
  Some 
  

   features 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  are 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  plates. 
  They 
  

   also 
  come 
  out 
  along 
  the 
  eastern 
  limb 
  of 
  the 
  synclinal 
  eastward. 
  

   To 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  Kosendale 
  the 
  cement 
  beds 
  continue 
  up 
  the 
  Cox- 
  

   ingkill 
  valley 
  and 
  around 
  the 
  point 
  of 
  the 
  anticlinal 
  by 
  High 
  Falls 
  

   on 
  the 
  Kondout 
  creek. 
  Above 
  this 
  place 
  it 
  can 
  be 
  traced 
  but 
  a 
  

   short 
  distance 
  owing 
  to 
  its 
  deep 
  erosion 
  and 
  heavy 
  drift 
  cover 
  in 
  

   the 
  Kondout 
  Creek 
  valley, 
  but 
  its 
  reappearance 
  near 
  Port 
  Jackson 
  

   indicates 
  that 
  it 
  probably 
  continues 
  for 
  a 
  considerable 
  distance. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Whiteport-Kosendale 
  region 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  beds 
  of 
  

   cement, 
  the 
  lower 
  averaging 
  twenty-one 
  feet 
  in 
  thickness, 
  and 
  

   the 
  other 
  averaging 
  twelve 
  feet 
  in 
  thickness 
  with 
  an 
  interven- 
  

   ing 
  member 
  of 
  ten 
  to 
  fifteen 
  feet 
  of 
  waterlime 
  beds, 
  but 
  these 
  

  

  